Effect of Alloying Elements on Thermal Wear of Cast Hot-Forging Die Steels

One mode that limits the usefulness of hot forging die steels is localized plastic deformation in regions of high pressure. To understand this behavior the yield strength of the steel needs to be measured at working temperatures in order to determine the likelihood of localized plasticity. One of the issues in using die steels for hot forging applications is that they are initially tempered to a hardness value when put into service. As the die is used to produce forged components, the contact with the hot forging causes the die to continue to temper and hence soften with continued used. To explore these issues three different die steels were obtained and tested experimentally. Experimental compressive yield strengths were determined for the three die steels (FX, 2714 and WF). The die steels were tempered to various hardness values prior to compression testing. The five room-temperature hardness values after tempering ranged from 20 to 38 HRC. The five temperatures for compression testing ranged from 593 to 704 °C (1100 to 1300 oF). From these tests a good characterization of the high temperature plastic behavior of each steel was obtained. It was found that the WF steel which had the highest alloy content was the strongest of the three steels under all test conditions. The FX and 2714, which had similar alloy contents (with FX having slightly less carbon, nickel and vanadium), had yield strengths that were close to each other at the intermediate temperatures, but at the high and low end of the testing range for temperature the FX was stronger than the 2714. Hence, to obtain the greatest resistance to localized plastic deformation during operations the choice of die steel should be WF, followed by FX and then 2714.

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Fractography of Hot Forging Die Steels

Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan ◽

10.2472/jsms.29.599 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (321) ◽

pp. 599-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ryuichiro EBARA ◽

Keinosuke INOUE ◽

Katsuaki KUBOTA

Keyword(s):

Hot Forging ◽

Die Steels ◽

Hot Forging Die ◽

Forging Die

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Alloying design for high wear-resistant cast hot-forging die steels

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International ◽

10.1016/s1006-706x(08)60146-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiang-hong Cui ◽

Jun Shan ◽

Zi-run Yang ◽

Min-xian Wei ◽

Shu-qi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hot Forging ◽

Wear Resistant ◽

Die Steels ◽

Hot Forging Die ◽

Forging Die

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Effect of alloying elements on dispersion hardening of die steels in austenitic state

Deformation and Fracture of Materials ◽

10.31044/1814-4632-2019-4-10-13 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

A.A. Krugljakow ◽

Keyword(s):

Alloying Elements ◽

Dispersion Hardening ◽

Die Steels ◽

Effect Of Alloying

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Filling Path Planning and Polygon Operations for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6683319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Jiansheng Zhang ◽

Qiuyun Wang ◽

Guiqian Xiao ◽

Jie Zhou

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Path Planning ◽

Attitude Control ◽

Hot Forging ◽

Outer Contour ◽

Hot Forging Die ◽

Forging Die ◽

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽

Filling Path

To improve the service life of hot forging die, the additive manufacturing algorithm and additive manufacturing device for die remanufacturing are developed. Firstly, a compound filling algorithm in which the inner zone is filled by linear scanning and the outer contour is filled by offsetting is developed in order to solve the problems encountered in filling path planning for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) like staircase effect at marginal division, degenerated edge at outer contour, programming difficulty, and so forth. Meanwhile, the attitude control algorithm of welding gun is proposed to control the angle between welding gun and welding path so as to improve the welding forming quality. Secondly, the high-temperature and low-temperature wear resistances of Fe-based and Ni-based alloy are tested. The results show that Ni-based alloy has higher high-temperature wear resistance. Finally, a disabled crankshaft hot forging die is selected for application test and the results show that, using the techniques discussed in this paper, welding materials can be saved by more than 50% and machining cost can be saved by more than 60%. In addition, the surface of automatic-repaired die is smooth without oxidation, collapse, and other defects after forging 3000 times, which is much better than that of manual-repaired die.

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