Sleep and Attention Problems Often Coexist in Adults

This article presents historical data and scientific conclusions regarding the history of medicine in our country. Analysis of current problems in the medical field as a result of the reforms implemented over the last three years.

Download Full-text

Challenging the Link Between Early Childhood Television Exposure and Later Attention Problems: A Multiverse Approach

10.31234/osf.io/5hd4r ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew McBee ◽

Rebecca Brand ◽

Wallace E. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Propensity Score Analysis ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Popular Media ◽

Compelling Evidence ◽

Score Analysis ◽

Television Exposure ◽

Influential Paper

In 2004, Christakis and colleagues published an influential paper claiming that early childhood television exposure causes later attention problems (Christakis, Zimmerman, DiGiuseppe, & McCarty, 2004), which continues to be frequently promoted by the popular media. Using the same NLSY-79 dataset (n = 2,108), we conducted two multiverse analyses to examine whether the finding reported by Christakis et al. was robust to different analytic choices. We evaluated 848 models, including logistic regression as per the original paper, plus linear regression and two forms of propensity score analysis. Only 166 models (19.6%) yielded a statistically significant relationship between early TV exposure and later attention problems, with most of these employing problematic analytic choices. We conclude that these data do not provide compelling evidence of a harmful effect of TV on attention. All material necessary to reproduce our analysis is available online via Github (https://github.com/mcbeem/TVAttention) and as a Docker container (https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/mmcbee/rstudio_tvattention)

Download Full-text

Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial – Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART): Design and Methods

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2015.1.3.p214 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 214-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Care Providers ◽

Treatment Trial ◽

Additional Hypothesis ◽

Convergence Insufficiency

Objective: To describe the design and methodology of the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial: Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART), the first randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of vision therapy on reading and attention in school-age children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI). Methods: CITT-ART is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of 324 children ages 9 to 14 years in grades 3 to 8 with symptomatic CI. Participants are randomized to 16 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy (OBVAT) or placebo therapy (OBPT), both supplemented with home therapy. The primary outcome measure is the change in the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Version 3 (WIAT-III) reading comprehension subtest score. Secondary outcome measures are changes in attention as measured by the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention (SWAN) as reported by parents and teachers, tests of binocular visual function, and other measures of reading and attention. The long-term effects of treatment are assessed 1 year after treatment completion. All analyses will test the null hypothesis of no difference in outcomes between the two treatment groups. The study is entering its second year of recruitment. The final results will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the treatment of symptomatic CI and its effect on reading and attention. Conclusion: The study will provide an evidence base to help parents, eye professionals, educators, and other health care providers make informed decisions as they care for children with CI and reading and attention problems. Results may also generate additional hypothesis and guide the development of other scientific investigations of the relationships between visual disorders and other developmental disorders in children.

Download Full-text

Challenging the Link Between Early Childhood Television Exposure and Later Attention Problems: A Multiverse Approach

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797620971650 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095679762097165

Author(s):

Matthew T. McBee ◽

Rebecca J. Brand ◽

Wallace E. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Regression Models ◽

Propensity Score Analysis ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Data Set ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Score Analysis ◽

Television Exposure

In 2004, Christakis and colleagues published an article in which they claimed that early childhood television exposure causes later attention problems, a claim that continues to be frequently promoted by the popular media. Using the same National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data set ( N = 2,108), we conducted two multiverse analyses to examine whether the finding reported by Christakis and colleagues was robust to different analytic choices. We evaluated 848 models, including logistic regression models, linear regression models, and two forms of propensity-score analysis. If the claim were true, we would expect most of the justifiable analyses to produce significant results in the predicted direction. However, only 166 models (19.6%) yielded a statistically significant relationship, and most of these employed questionable analytic choices. We concluded that these data do not provide compelling evidence of a harmful effect of TV exposure on attention.

Download Full-text