Conceptualizing translation in Poland in 2018

This paper aims to provide an account of our survey on the semiotic nature of the concept of translation among young Polish native speakers. The methodological strategy adopted is a con­structive replication of Sandra Halverson’s survey conducted in Norway in 1997. We claim, in our main hypothesis (stemming from a theoretical background of prototype semantics, which we used for measuring our object), that the concept of translation is not uniform and includes different semiotic types of translation, some of which are perceived as central (prototypical), and others as peripheral. According to our additional hypothesis, young Polish native speakers have a broad notion of translation (encompassing a wide range of intralingual and intersemiotic translations), even broader than their Norwegian counterparts, more than twenty years ago. Our data has been collected in 2018 using a seven-item questionnaire (seven different text pairs) with a seven-value scale from 103 subjects. While the main hypothesis has been confirmed, the additional hypothesis was rejected, with Polish respondents conceiving the concept of translation more narrowly. The methodological format of a replication produced an ambivalent effect: on the one hand, it yielded positive incentive, and on the other hand, it became our principal hindrance.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cluster Associated With Deer Harvested at a Single Wildlife Hunting Area, Oregon, 2017

The Oregon Health Authority routinely investigates clusters of reportable enteric diseases identified by whole-genome sequencing. While investigating 2 cases of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 2019, in which both patients were exposed to the same home-processed “jerky” and clinical isolates matched within 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we discovered, by searching the National Library of Medicine’s National Center for Biotechnology Information website, 3 other cases of E coli O157:H7 from 3 Oregon counties—Tillamook, Umatilla, and Douglas—whose clinical isolates were within 9 SNPs of the 2 initial matched cases. We analyzed interview data for 3 case patients and followed up with additional hypothesis-generating questions. Onset of illness for the Tillamook, Umatilla, and Douglas county cases were October 7, 2017, October 27, 2017, and April 30, 2018, respectively. The median age of the 5 case patients was 16 years. Parents of 2 of the 5 case patients, each from a different county, had harvested deer approximately 20 miles from each other in the same Douglas County wildlife hunting unit in late September 2017. The case from Umatilla County was lost to follow-up. Although it is well documented that deer are a viable and substantial reservoir of E coli O157:H7, to our knowledge, this is the first time that venison from a common wildlife hunting unit was found to be associated with a cluster of illnesses. This finding suggests a geographic nidus for E coli O157:H7. We recommend routinely asking about wildlife hunting units when developing exposure hypotheses involving potential venison-associated clusters.

Financial soundness of Islamic banks: does the structure of the board of directors matter?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the Board of Directors’ characteristics and their impact on the financial soundness of Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach Regression analysis is applied to test the impact of the Board of Directors’ characteristics on the financial soundness of Islamic banks, using a panel data set of 67 Islamic banks covering 20 countries from 2005 to 2018. The Z-score indicator is used to evaluate the Islamic banks’ soundness. To check the robustness of the results, this paper uses other dependent variables (CAMEL) than the Z-score. Findings The main results show that the presence of an independent non-executive director negatively impacts the financial soundness of Islamic banks, while the chief executive officer duality practice has a positive effect on it. Other characteristics of the Board of Directors do not significantly impact the financial soundness of Islamic banks (foreign director, institutional director, chairman with a Shari’ah degree, interlocked chairman and the Board of Directors’ size). Practical implications This study aims to fill the gaps in the literature that discuss the Board of Directors’ role in corporate governance and its impact on the financial soundness of Islamic banks. In other words, it shows the role played by the Board of Directors and improves the knowledge of the corporate governance-financial soundness relationship. Plus, managers, investors and regulators may gain evocative insights, particularly those looking to improve their Islamic banks’ soundness by restructuring their boards’ composition. Originality/value This study sheds new light on the literature on Islamic banking by clarifying the relationship between the Board of Directors and the financial soundness of Islamic banks. Contrary to previous research, this paper uses an additional hypothesis stating that a chairman with a Shari’ah degree (Fiqh Muamalt) has a positive impact on the financial soundness of Islamic banks.

Acquired hypolipoproteinemia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A previously unexplored association?

e19041 Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease that is the result of macrophage hyperactivation, leading to disordered cellular phagocytosis that is highly fatal if left untreated. The precise precipitating factor that leads to HLH is presently unknown. Secondary HLH is more common in adults and has numerous causes, including several autoimmune diseases, rheumatological disorders, cancers, and infections. These predisposing conditions are similar in that they are characterized by increased rates of cellular replication and often accompanied by significant oxidative stress. Lipoprotein changes in HLH have not been previously described. Methods: Between August 2018 and June 2020, three cases of secondary HLH were discovered to have profound hypolipoproteinemia with severely reduced total cholesterol, undetectable LDL-C, and extremely depressed HDL-C levels. As a result, a retrospective review of the University of Michigan HLH registry was performed, identifying cases of HLH where full lipid panels were performed as part of their diagnosis and/or treatment between 2012 and 2020. 18 total patients were identified with a confirmed diagnosis of HLH and who had a full lipid panel performed as a part of their diagnostic evaluation. Results: 100% of patients were found to have HDL-C less than 30 mg/dL, consistent with severe HDL-C deficiency, and 84% had HDL-C less than 20 mg/dL. Similarly, 74% of patients were found to have LDL-C < 100 mg/dL, 47% with LDL-C < 50 mg/dL, and 33% had undetectable LDL-C levels. Median total cholesterol was 124 mg/dL, median LDL-C was 35 mg/dL, and median HDL-C was 7 mg/dL. Notably, these reductions were not explained by the observed variability in hypertriglyceridemia, and marked hypertriglyceridemia > 500 mg/dL was not seen in 88% of patients, with a median triglyceride value of 279. Interestingly, one patient displayed an opposite phenotype with extreme hyperlipidemia, with total cholesterol of 727 mg/dL and LDL-C of 658 md/dL. Conclusions: Severe derangements in circulating lipoproteins appear to be a common finding within sHLH.These findings have not been previously described within the context of the disease. Herein, we provide a framework for hypothesizing why HLH may potentially occur in the setting of hypolipidemia. Furthermore, we provide an additional hypothesis that serves to justify why these changes may occur in an evolutionary context.

The highly obscured Seyfert 2 nucleus in NGC 1448 observed with MUSE

We present the analysis of an optical data cube of the central region of NGC 1448, obtained with MUSE. Chandra X-ray data indicate that the AGN is not located at the apparent stellar nucleus of the galaxy, but at a projected distance of 1.75 ± 0.22 arcsec (139 ± 17 pc). This is probably caused by the high interstellar extinction in the surroundings of the AGN, which corresponds to the true nucleus of the galaxy, as also proposed by previous studies. The morphology and classification of the optical line-emitting regions indicate two ionisation cones, around an axis with a position angle of PAcones = −50○ ± 7○, with emission-line spectra characteristic of Seyfert galaxies. The stellar and gas kinematics are consistent with a stellar and gas rotating disk around the nucleus, with a velocity amplitude of 125 km s−1. Two probable outflows from the AGN were detected along the region of the two ionisation cones. The AGN position does not coincide with the brightest line-emitting region at the centre of NGC 1448. That may be a consequence of the high obscuration from the AGN towards the observer (the AGN is actually Compton-thick), mostly caused by a nearly edge-on torus. An additional hypothesis is that the AGN reduced its luminosity, during the last 440 yrs, to nearly half of the value in the past. In this case, the brightest line-emitting region corresponds to a ‘light echo’ or a ‘fossil’ of the AGN in the past.

Continuous embedding between P-de Branges spaces

In this paper we study the continuity of the embedding operator ℓ : ℋ p (E) ↪ ℋ q (E) when 0 < p < q ⩽ ∞. The necessary and sufficient condition has already been described in [10] if p > 1. In this work, we address the problem when p = 1, using a new approach, but asking some additional hypothesis about the Hermite-Biehler function E. We give also a different proof for the case p > 1.

On the zeroth law of turbulence for the stochastically forced Navier-Stokes equations

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We consider the three-dimensional stochastically forced Navier–Stokes equations subjected to white-in-time (colored-in-space) forcing in the absence of boundaries. Upper bounds of the mean value of the time-averaged energy dissipation rate are derived directly from the equations for weak (martingale) solutions. This estimate is consistent with the Kolmogorov dissipation law. Moreover, an additional hypothesis of energy balance implies the zeroth law of turbulence in the absence of a deterministic force.</p>

A non-diagonalizable pure state

We construct a pure state on the C*-algebra B(ℓ2) of all bounded linear operators on ℓ2, which is not diagonalizable [i.e., it is not of the form limu⟨T(ek),ek⟩ for any orthonormal basis (ek)k∈N of ℓ2 and an ultrafilter u on N]. This constitutes a counterexample to Anderson’s conjecture without additional hypothesis and improves results of C. Akemann, N. Weaver, I. Farah, and I. Smythe who constructed such states making additional set-theoretic assumptions. It follows from results of J. Anderson and the positive solution to the Kadison–Singer problem due to A. Marcus, D. Spielman, and N. Srivastava that the restriction of our pure state to any atomic masa D((ek)k∈N) of diagonal operators with respect to an orthonormal basis (ek)k∈N is not multiplicative on D((ek)k∈N).

𝑝-groups with exactly four codegrees

Let G be a p-group, and let χ be an irreducible character of G. The codegree of χ is given by {\lvert G:\operatorname{ker}(\chi)\rvert/\chi(1)}. Du and Lewis have shown that a p-group with exactly three codegrees has nilpotence class at most 2. Here we investigate p-groups with exactly four codegrees. If, in addition to having exactly four codegrees, G has two irreducible character degrees, G has largest irreducible character degree {p^{2}}, {\lvert G:G^{\prime}\rvert=p^{2}}, or G has coclass at most 3, then G has nilpotence class at most 4. In the case of coclass at most 3, the order of G is bounded by {p^{7}}. With an additional hypothesis, we can extend this result to p-groups with four codegrees and coclass at most 6. In this case, the order of G is bounded by {p^{10}}.

652 Early outcomes of an app acute checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) care clinic

BackgroundCheckpoint inhibitors continue to be used for a wide variety of oncologic and hematologic indications. Early recognition and intervention is crucial to prevent significant morbidity and/or mortality from immune related adverse events (irAE’s). Physicians and APPs outside of hematology/oncology practices are generally not familiar with these types of side effects which may lead to treatment delays, and inappropriate management. We recently identified this as a gap in continuity of care amongst patients undergoing CPI therapy for their malignancy, and therefore developed a CPI acute care outpatient clinic, designed to meet this need.MethodsStarting April 2020, we developed an CPI focused clinic led by 3 APPs to provide outpatient irAE management 5 days a week. Three types of needs were identified: acute (within 24 hours), post hospitalization (within 48 hours of discharge), and long term follow-up (high grade irAE).ResultsFrom April 24-August 24, 2020 our CPI clinic had a total of 50 visits (30 unique patients). Given that many patients to our practice are from > 2 hours away, as well as the constraints of the current pandemic, visits were conducted as in person, video consult (telemedicine), or phone. The most common regimens for patients were PD-1 alone (10), PD-1 + targeted (7), dual CPI (6), PD-1 + chemotherapy, and clinical trial, PD-L1 alone, PD-L1 + chemotherapy (1 each). The top three types of malignancies seen were melanoma (7), lung (6) and gynecological (4). The most common irAE referral reason was hepatitis (8), diarrhea/colitis (6) and thyroiditis (4). Only three patients (10%) required higher level care (i.e ED or admission) than was able to be provided in the clinic. Twenty-two patients (73%) required steroids as their initial treatment for irAE, with 4 patients (13%) requiring referral to other specialties. Twelve patients (40%) presented with ≥2 irAE’s at the time of being seen in clinic.ConclusionsHerein we present early data from an acute care APP led CPI outpatient clinic. Most patients required initiation of steroids for their irAE, however only a small majority required higher level of care and were able to be managed as an outpatient. We acknowledge that while our cohort of patients is small, it does provide early evidence of the utility of a CPI acute care clinic and additional hypothesis generating clinical questions.Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by the institutional review board at Mayo Clinic