Three-dimensional dynamic behaviour of the human knee joint under impact loading

The human knee joint has a three dimensional geometry with multiple body articulations that produce complex mechanical responses under loads that occur in everyday life and sports activities. Knowledge of the complex mechanical interactions of these load bearing structures is of help when the treatment of relevant diseases is evaluated and assisting devices are designed. The anterior cruciate ligament in the knee connects the femur to the tibia and is often torn during a sudden twisting motion, resulting in knee instability. The objective of this work is to study the mechanical behavior of the human knee joint in typical everyday activities and evaluate the differences in its response for three different states, intact, injured and reconstructed knee. Three equivalent finite element models were developed. For the reconstructed model a novel repair device developed and patented by the authors was employed. For the verification of the developed models, static load cases presented in a previous modeling work were used. Mechanical stresses calculated for the load cases studied, were very close to results presented in previous experimentally verified work, in both load distribution and maximum calculated load values.

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How the External Impact Energy Affects the Internal Kinetics of Knee Joint: The Comparison of Porcine and Human Knee Joint

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2003-42913 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Jaw-Lin Wang ◽

Cheng-Hsien Chung ◽

Chung-Kai Chiang

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Impact Energy ◽

Impact Loading ◽

Bending Moment ◽

Knee Joints ◽

External Energy ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Internal Joint ◽

Porcine Knee

Degenerative osteoarthritis is recognized as the consequences of mechanical injuries. The abnormal impact force applied to articular cartilage would result in bone fracture or surface fissuring, and would cause the osteoarthritis [1,2]. The relation among the injury and impact energy was well studied. However, how the external energy attenuated to the internal joint is not carefully studied yet. The porcine knee joint was used as a biomechanical model for the simulation of human knee joint during impact loading. The objective of current study was to find the variation of kinetic characteristics between human and porcine knee joint during axial impact loading. Eight fresh-frozen knee joints from 10 month-old swine and seven cadaver human knee joints were used in the experiment. The mechanical responses such as forces and bending moment of knee joint, and the accelerations of femur was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the axial force response between human and porcine joints was similar, however, the anteroposterior shear, flexion bening moment and accelerations of these two joints were different.

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MEASUREMENT AND FITTING ON 3-D ARTICULAR SURFACES OF THE HUMAN KNEE JOINT

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237202000255 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

pp. 171-174

Author(s):

XISHI WANG ◽

LI-QUN ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reconstruction Error ◽

Reconstruction Procedure ◽

Human Knee ◽

Articular Surfaces ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Surface Measurements ◽

Articulating Surface ◽

Relative Analysis

In this study, the OptoTrak system was employed to collect the articulating surface measurements of the human knee for the femur, tibia and patella in three experimented specimens. Furthermore, a rigorous mathematical reconstruction procedure that estimates reconstruction error was completed by employed the relative analysis tools. The results show, the measurements for each session were able to reconstruct the three-dimensional calibration to a precision of 0.02mm. On the other word, the OptoTrak can be used to obtain the precise measurements of analytical surface of the human knee joint.

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