736 FAILURE OF NON-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT IN GRADE III BLUNT RENAL INJURIES: A FIFTEEN YEAR REVIEW

Abstract Background Recently, renal angioembolization (RAE) has gained an important role in the non-operative management (NOM) of moderate to high-grade blunt renal injuries (BRI), but its use remains heterogeneous. The aim of this review is to examine the current literature on indications and outcomes of angioembolization in BRI. Methods We conducted a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science Databases up to February 2021 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for studies on BRI treated with RAE. The methodological quality of eligible studies and their risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale Results A total of 16 articles that investigated angioembolization of blunt renal injury were included in the study. Overall, 412 patients were included: 8 presented with grade II renal trauma (2%), 97 with grade III renal trauma (23%); 225 with grade IV (55%); and 82 with grade V (20%). RAE was successful in 92% of grade III–IV (294/322) and 76% of grade V (63/82). Regarding haemodynamic status, success rate was achieved in 90% (312/346) of stable patients, but only in 63% (42/66) of unstable patients. The most common indication for RAE was active contrast extravasation in hemodynamic stable patients with grade III or IV BRI. Conclusions This is the first review assessing outcomes and indication of angioembolization in blunt renal injuries. The results suggest that outcomes are excellent in hemodynamic stable, moderate to high-grade renal trauma.

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Importance of a Follow-Up Ultrasound Protocol in Monitoring Posttraumatic Spleen Complications in Children Treated with a Non-Operative Management

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57080734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Ivona Djordjevic ◽

Dragoljub Zivanovic ◽

Ivana Budic ◽

Ana Kostic ◽

Danijela Djeric

Keyword(s):

Splenic Abscess ◽

Operative Management ◽

High Energy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Injury Grade ◽

Grade Ii ◽

The Mean ◽

Non Operative Management ◽

Grade Iii

Background and objectives: For the last three decades, non-operative management (NOM) has been the standard in the treatment of clinically stable patients with blunt spleen injury, with a success rate of up to 95%. However, there are no prospective issues in the literature dealing with the incidence and type of splenic complications after NOM. Materials and methods: This study analyzed 76 pediatric patients, up to the age of 18, with blunt splenic injury who were treated non-operatively. All patients were included in a posttraumatic follow-up protocol with ultrasound examinations 4 and 12 weeks after injury. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.58 ± 3.97 years (range 1.98 to 17.75 years), with no statistically significant difference between the genders. The severity of the injury was determined according to the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification: 7 patients had grade I injuries (89.21%), 21 patients had grade II injuries (27.63%), 33 patients had grade III injuries (43.42%), and 15 patients had grade IV injuries (19.73%). The majority of the injuries were so-called high-energy ones, which were recorded in 45 patients (59.21%). According to a previously created posttraumatic follow-up protocol, complications were detected in 16 patients (21.05%). Hematomas had the highest incidence and were detected in 11 patients (14.47%), while pseudocysts were detected in 3 (3.94%), and a splenic abscess and pseudoaneurysm were detected in 1 patient (1.31%), respectively. The complications were in a direct correlation with injury grade: seven occurred in patients with grade IV injuries (9.21%), five occurred in children with grade III injuries (6.57%), three occurred in patients with grade II injuries (3.94%), and one occurred in a patient with a grade I injury (1.31%). Conclusion: Based on the severity of the spleen injury, it is difficult to predict the further course of developing complications, but complications are more common in high-grade injuries. The implementation of a follow-up ultrasound protocol is mandatory in all patients with NOM of spleen injuries for the early detection of potentially dangerous and fatal complications.

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Case Series : Operative vs Non-Operative Management in Grade III Pancreatic Injury

Medicinus ◽

10.19166/med.v7i6.2598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Andry Irawan ◽

Clinton Clinton ◽

Sutanto D ◽

Agustina F

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

Operative Management ◽

Pancreatic Injury ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

First Case ◽

Non Operative Management ◽

Left Abdomen ◽

Grade Iii ◽

Selection Of

Introduction: Pancreatic injury is a rare case, caused by blunt or sharp trauma. Difficulty in making diagnose on pancreatic trauma cases are associated with high mortality, and the treatment can be either operative or conservatively. However, It is still unclear which treatment is more favorable.Case: We present 2 cases of Grade III pancreatic injury with stable hemodynamic who suffered bicycle accident. First case, 12-year-old boy complaining severe pain on the upper left abdomen (VAS 9-10) and get worsening by time, with vomiting. The patient underwent distal Pancreatectomy-Splenectomy. Second case, 8-year-old boy complaining of pain on the upper left abdomen (VAS 6-7) without extension on whole abdominal region with vomiting and fever. The patient was treated conservatively. In both cases, patient was discharged with improvement. However, about 3 months later patients who were treated conservatively developed into a pseudocyst.Conclusion: The selection of management in grade III pancreatic injury can be operative or conservative depending on clinical findings such as hemodynamic condition and the quality of abdominal pain. But the occurrence of pseudocysts pancreas is another surgical challenge.

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Non-Operative Management with Angioembolization of Grade IV and V Renal Injuries in a Hybrid Emergency Room System

Journal of Trauma and Injury ◽

10.20408/jti.2021.0034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 191-197

Author(s):

So Ra Ahn ◽

Sang Hyun Seo ◽

Joo Hyun Lee ◽

Chan Yong Park

Keyword(s):

Emergency Room ◽

Trauma Center ◽

Arterial Embolization ◽

Operative Management ◽

University Hospital ◽

Percutaneous Catheter Drainage ◽

High Grade ◽

Kidney Preservation ◽

Non Operative Management ◽

Renal Injuries

Renal injuries occur in more than 10% of patients who sustain blunt abdominal injuries. Non-operative management (NOM) is the established treatment strategy for lowgrade (I–III) renal injuries. However, despite some evidence that NOM can be successfully applied to high-grade (IV, V) renal injuries, it remains unclear whether NOM is appropriate in such cases. The authors report two cases of high-grade renal injuries that underwent NOM after embolization in a hybrid emergency room (ER) system with a 24/7 in-house interventional radiology (IR) team. A 29-year-old male visited Wonkwang University Hospital Regional Trauma Center complaining of right abdominal pain after being hit by a rope. Computed tomography (CT) was performed 16 minutes after arrival, and the CT scan indicated a grade V right renal injury. Arterial embolization was initiated within 31 minutes of presentation. A 56-year-old male was transferred to Wonkwang University Hospital Regional Trauma Center with a complaint of right flank pain. He had initially presented to a nearby hospital after falling from a 3-m height. Thanks to the key CT images sent from the previous hospital prior to the patient’s arrival, angiography was performed within 8 minutes of the patient’s arrival and arterial embolization was completed within 25 minutes. Both patients were treated successfully through NOM with angioembolization and preserved kidneys. Hematoma in the first patient and urinoma in the second patient resolved with percutaneous catheter drainage. The authors believe that the hybrid ER system with an in-house IR team could contribute to NOM and kidney preservation even in high-grade renal injuries.

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