Early Computer-Age Methods

The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing in recent years and it can become dangerous if not detected early. Computer-aided diagnosis systems can help the dermatologists in assisting with skin cancer detection by examining the features more critically. In this article, a detailed review of pre-processing and segmentation methods is done on skin lesion images by investigating existing and prevalent segmentation methods for the diagnosis of skin cancer. The pre-processing stage is divided into two phases, in the first phase, a median filter is used to remove the artifact; and in the second phase, an improved K-means clustering with outlier removal (KMOR) algorithm is suggested. The proposed method was tested in a publicly available Danderm database. The improved cluster-based algorithm gives an accuracy of 92.8% with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 90% with an AUC value of 0.90435. From the experimental results, it is evident that the clustering algorithm has performed well in detecting the border of the lesion and is suitable for pre-processing dermoscopic images.

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Early Computer Developments in Madrid

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing ◽

10.1109/mahc.1982.10008 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Jose Garcia Santesmases

Keyword(s):

Early Computer

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Encoded Perception

Feminist Media Histories ◽

10.1525/fmh.2021.7.1.172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 172-196

Author(s):

Helena Shaskevich

Keyword(s):

Computer Art ◽

Scientific Instruments ◽

Conceptual Frameworks ◽

Early Computer ◽

Asset Class

Despite her status as an unpaid “resident visitor” for most of her nearly two-decade tenure there, Lillian Schwartz created some of the most important works of early computer art at Bell Labs. This essay unravels the conceptual frameworks of “vision” as they manifest in Schwartz’s early computer films made between 1970 and 1972, with a specific emphasis on vision as “information” and “data.” It argues that these specific films in Schwartz’s oeuvre explored a newly emerging model of vision based on the rendering practices of computers and scientific instruments, while navigating the fraught question of the role of the embodied viewer. Resisting this rationalized order of vision, which would ultimately result in the emergence of information as both a commodity and an asset class, Schwartz’s films instead explore the contingencies of rendering information with the newly developing medium of the computer.

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FIRST PROGRAMMING WITH OZOBOTS - A CREATIVE APPROACH TO EARLY COMPUTER SCIENCE IN PRIMARY EDUCATION

INTED2020 Proceedings ◽

10.21125/inted.2020.1398 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Tengler ◽

Barbara Sabitzer ◽

Oliver Kastner-Hauler

Keyword(s):

Computer Science ◽

Primary Education ◽

Early Computer

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Direct observation of crystallization and melting with colloids

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1813885116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 1180-1184 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hyerim Hwang ◽

David A. Weitz ◽

Frans Spaepen

Keyword(s):

Energy Difference ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Limited Growth ◽

Free Energy Difference ◽

Precise Control ◽

Early Computer ◽

Face Centered ◽

Jump Frequencies ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Kinetics Of Crystal Growth

We study the kinetics of crystal growth and melting of two types of colloidal crystals: body-centered cubic (BCC) crystals and face-centered cubic (FCC) crystals. A dielectrophoretic “electric bottle” confines colloids, enabling precise control of the motion of the interface. We track the particle motion, and by introducing a structural order parameter, we measure the jump frequencies of particles to and from the crystal and determine from these the free-energy difference between the phases and the interface mobility. We find that the interface is rough in both BCC and FCC cases. Moreover, the jump frequencies correspond to those expected from the random walk of the particles, which translates to collision-limited growth in metallic systems. The mobility of the BCC interface is greater than that of the FCC interface. In addition, contrary to the prediction of some early computer simulations, we show that there is no significant asymmetry between the mobilities for crystallization and melting.

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