Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cahill ◽  
Frank J. Byrne ◽  
Kevin Gorman ◽  
Ian Denholm ◽  
Alan L. Devonshire
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Organophosphate Resistance ◽  
Tobacco Whitefly ◽  
General Esterase

AbstractEleven strains of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), including a laboratory susceptible strain, were bioassayed as adults with three organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, three pyrethroids and one OP/pyrethroid combination. The contemporary strains were from diverse geographical areas and hosts and included examples of the A-, B-, and non-B-biotypes. All recent collections were multi-resistant to these insecticides which have been used extensively for their control. The patterns of cross-resistance for the OPs were clear but less so for the pyrethroids. All populations that resisted profenofos and cypermethrin also resisted the combination of profenofos and cypermethrin. Although the importance of selection pressure on levels of resistance was not easily quantifiable the highly selected populations exhibited the highest levels of resistance. The significant within, as well as between, biotype variation in resistance factors clearly indicated that insecticide resistance and biotype were not directly related. The roles of acetylcholinesterase sensitivity and general esterase activity in resistance to OPs and pyrethroids are discussed.

The role of B-type esterases in conferring insecticide resistance in the tobacco whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Genn)

2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J Byrne ◽  
Kevin J Gorman ◽  
Matthew Cahill ◽  
Ian Denholm ◽  
Alan L Devonshire
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tobacco Whitefly

Insecticide resistance and biotype status of populations of the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Erdogan ◽  
Graham D. Moores ◽  
M. Oktay Gurkan ◽  
Kevin J. Gorman ◽  
Ian Denholm
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tobacco Whitefly

The use of biochemical tests to identify multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in field-selected populations of Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hemingway ◽  
K. G. I. Jayawardena ◽  
I. Weerasinghe ◽  
P. R. J. Herath
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Organophosphate Resistance ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

AbstractAnopheles subpictus Grassi in Sri Lanka is under selection pressure from both agricultural and public health insecticides. Agricultural selection pressure has produced larval specific carbamate resistance which appears to be correlated with high esterase activity. High esterase activity was found in both larvae and adults, but one of the larval elevated bands was not present in the adult, and two other adult bands were not found in the larvae. Broad spectrum organophosphate resistance was found in both the larvae and the adults and was associated with an increase in mixed-function oxidase activity. There was no evidence of an altered AChE mechanism in this population.

Studies on insecticide resistance in cotton stainers, Dysdercus spp. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), in Kenya

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Nyamasyo ◽  
A. K. Karel
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Cotton Stainers ◽  
Selection For

AbstractResistance to carbaryl, lindane and methidathion was studied in field and laboratory strains of Dysdercus fasciatus Sign., D. nigrofasciatus Stål, D. superstitiosits (F.) and D. cardinalis Gerst. from Kenya. Four-day old fifth-instar female nymphs were found to be the most convenient for bioassay. The LC50s of carbaryl, lindane and methidathion for D. fasciatus were 372, 240, and 110 mg/litre, respectively, those for D. nigrofasciatus 337, 294, and 111 mg/litre, and that for carbaryl for D. cardinalis 147 mg/litre. The Meru and Ngwata strains of D. fasciatus had resistance factors of ×5·3 and ×6·1, respectively, to carbaryl. The field strains of all four species showed slight resistance (up to ×3·4) to lindane and methidathion. The poor control of Dysdercus spp. experienced in Eastern Province, Kenya, is probably due to the development of resistance to carbaryl. A laboratory and a field strain of each of D. fasciatus and D. nigrofasciatus were subjected to carbaryl selection pressure for six generations of doses equivalent to the LC50-LC70. The laboratory strain of D. fasciatus was also subjected to lindane selection for six generations. The laboratory and field strains of D. fasciatus developed resistance to carbaryl of ×3·7 and ×5·7, respectively, and cross-resistance to lindane of up to ×2·7. No significant increase in resistance was observed in D. nigrofasciatus after selection. The laboratory strain of D. fasciatus developed resistance to lindane of ×5·5 after selection and cross-resistance to carbaryl of ×4·3.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of southwest Burkina Faso and residual efficacy of indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl insecticide

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Diloma Soma ◽  
Barnabas Zogo ◽  
Domonbabele François de Sales Hien ◽  
Aristide Sawdetuo Hien ◽  
Didier Alexandre Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Residual Efficacy

Abstract Background The rapid spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and the rebound in malaria cases observed recently in some endemic areas underscore the urgent need to evaluate and deploy new effective control interventions. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to investigate the benefit of deploying complementary strategies, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) with pirimiphos-methyl in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Diébougou, southwest Burkina Faso. Methods We measured the susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) population from Diébougou to conventional insecticides. We further monitored the efficacy and residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl on both cement and mud walls using a laboratory susceptible strain (Kisumu) and the local An. gambiae (s.l.) population. Results An. gambiae (s.l.) from Diébougou was resistant to DDT, pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin) and bendiocarb but showed susceptibility to organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrimiphos-methyl). A mixed-effect generalized linear model predicted that pirimiphos-methyl applied on cement or mud walls was effective for 210 days against the laboratory susceptible strain and 247 days against the local population. The residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl against the local population on walls made of mud was similar to that of cement (OR = 0.792, [0.55–1.12], Tukey’s test p-value = 0.19). Conclusions If data on malaria transmission and malaria cases (as measured trough the RCT) are consistent with data on residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl regardless of the type of wall, one round of IRS with pirimiphos-methyl would have the potential to control malaria in a context of multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) for at least 7 months.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella fijiensis from Banana to Trifloxystrobin

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Chin ◽  
M. Wirz ◽  
D. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Disease Pressure

An ascospore germination method was developed and validated to assess the sensitivity of bulk samples of Mycosphaerella fijiensis to trifloxystrobin. Using this method, the sensitivity of 142 ascospore samples from banana plantations not treated with strobilurins was analyzed to establish a baseline of pathogen sensitivity. A bulk method was utilized for monitoring purposes because it avoids potential complications due to the isolation and propagation of single-spore isolates and enables the testing of larger samples. Following intensive use of strobilurins (6 to 11 applications per year) over 4 years, under conditions of high disease pressure and the absence of sanitary measures at a development site in Costa Rica, bulk samples with 50% effective concentration (EC50) resistance factors (RFs) in excess of 500 compared with the mean baseline sensitivity were detected. Single-ascospore isolates derived from spores germinating at the discriminatory dose of 3 μg/ml were also resistant, suggesting that the frequency of resistant individuals in bulk samples could be estimated from the relative numbers of ascospores growing at this dose. The resistance of selected isolates was confirmed in planta. In vitro tests with four resistant and two sensitive single-ascospore isolates collected from different locations and times indicated possible cross-resistance of trifloxystrobin to azoxystrobin, famoxadone, and fenamidone, but not to propiconazole.

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