Resisting the Third Reich: The Catholic Clergy in Hitler's Berlin

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
John Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
The Church

This absorbing and well-researched book presents the story of Berlin's Catholic Church during the Nazi era from the perspective of a deeply committed believer. Professor Kevin Spicer is also Father Kevin Spicer. As such, it offers critics a chance to test their arguments against a serious voice from within the Church. But it also affords more neutral observers a chance to ponder the assumptions behind debates on the churches in the Third Reich, in particular, what acts can be considered oppositional and what drove certain religious believers into resistance.

Health Reform and Race Hygiene: Adventists and the Biomedical Vision of the Third Reich

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Blaich
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
German Society ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
The Church

German Seventh-day Adventists entered the Nazi era with apprehension. As a foreign sect which resembled Judaism in many respects, Adventists were particularly threatened by a society based on the principle of völkisch racism. Yet the new state also had much to offer them, for it held the prospect of new opportunities for the church. The Nazi state banished the scourge of liberalism and godless Bolshevism, it restored conservative standards in the domestic sphere, and it took effective steps to return German society to a life in harmony with nature—a life Adventists had long championed.

The Attitude of the Catholic Church toward the Jews: An Outline of a Turbulent History

Numen ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Konrad Szocik ◽  
Philip L. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Papal States ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Church

The practice of imprisoning Jews in ghettos and marking them out with special signs (as was introduced by Pius vi in the Papal States, inter alia, in 1775) is associated more with the Nazism of the Third Reich than with the Roman Catholic Church. Nevertheless, the Church maintained its policy of perfidis Judaeis until the beginning of the 1960s, when it was stopped by Vatican ii, probably because of the pressure of social and political factors. This topic is, however, difficult to explain, often very controversial, and subject to many different interpretations. Here we show that anti-Semitic ideas were present in the Church before Vatican ii, and that they have a religious, theological, and philosophical background. We discuss those interpretations which, in an ideological sense, connect anti-Semitism in the Church with the genocidal anti-Semitism of the Third Reich. This article underlines the revolutionary change in the Church’s attitude toward Jews in Vatican ii, a change caused primarily by the Holocaust.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Zeidman
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Racial Hygiene ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
Neuroscience Community ◽  
Scientific Topic

Despite knowledge since the postwar period and the efforts of neurologist Leo Alexander, the neuroscience community has been slow to recognize its involvement in the racial hygiene policies of the Third Reich. Part of this has been denial, but part of it protective of past perpetrators. However, since the popularization of medicine in the Nazi era in the 1980s, the fall of the Berlin Wall making previously unavailable patient data in the 1990s, and some astute articles in the neurology literature, neuroscience in the Nazi era has emerged as a scientific topic. Pioneering works by Shevell and Peiffer highlighted the unethical involvement of even famed German neuroscientists such as Julius Hallervorden. In the 2000s a growing body of literature has begun to show common threads between the exile of persecuted neuroscientists and the rise of increasingly destructive policies toward neurologic patients, and the exploitation of these patients for scientific research.

scholarly journals Mit Brennender Sorge: An Exegesis on the Encyclical to the Third Reich

Elements ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
German People ◽  
Or Organization

Throughout the 1930s, the ascendance of the Nazi regime not only diminished the authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany, but alos directly countered fundamental Catholic doctrines. In face of the mounting atrocities of the German government, Pope Pius XI, with the help of Eugenio Pacelli, nuncio to Germany, and German Bishop Michael Faulhaber, in an unprecedented outreach to the entire German faithful, issued the encyclical <em>Mit Brennender Sorge</em>. Appealing particularly to the youth and the laity, the encyclical challenged Germans to use conscience as a final resort in assessing the validity of a religious institution or political movement. In its address to the German people, Mit Brennender Sorge reflected the delicacy of the relationship between the Holy See and the Nazi regime by not referencing any person, party, or organization specifically. Nevertheless, the purpose and the timeliness of the encyclical was lost on few, partially dispelling the widespread belief that the Catholic Church turned a blind eye to the Third Reich.

Between Rome and the Godless: Martin Niemöller’s Apologetic Moves, 1930–50

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-94
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ziemann
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
The Third ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Third Reich

Martin Niemöller’s apologetic interventions from the late 1920s to the early 1950s reveal a complicated trajectory. He stood at the front line of the Protestant struggle against aggressive secularism in Weimar Germany. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, Niemöller quickly emerged as the figurehead of attempts to defend the dogmatic integrity of the Protestant churches, yet also maintained the conversation with the German Christians in a common front against the ‘godless’ Bolsheviks and Freethinkers. After he had seriously contemplated converting to the Roman Catholic Church from 1939 to early 1941, he returned to a combative assertion of his Protestant identity vis-à-vis the Catholics in the early Federal Republic. Overall, the chapter argues that the dynamics of the religious field during the Third Reich are best understood as an intensification.

German archaeology during the Third Reich, 1933–45: a case study based on archival evidence

Antiquity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (291) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Maischberger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
Locus Classicus

The history of the archaeological disciplines in Germany during the Nazi era can be considered as a locus classicus of nationalist interpretation and misuse of the past. For some time now, various efforts have been made to enhance our understanding of this period, including several aspects related to archaeology and cultural politics. Most studies have been carried on by modern historians, but also archaeologists have engaged in historiographical research on their own discipline. Some freqiiently cited works like Bollmus (1970) Kater (1974) and Losemann (1977) are still fundamental for our understanding of important aspects of Nazi cultural politics as well as the involvement of traditional institutions into the dictatorial system.

Colin Ross in South America, 1919-1920

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Earl R. Beck
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Far East ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era

Before he met death by his own hand in 1946, Colin Ross was one of Germany's most famous journalist-travelers. No less than fifteen books and a host of articles described his visits to countries from the Arctic to the Pacific and Haha Whenua to Africa, “ mit Kind und Kegel und Kamera ”—“ bag, baggage, and camera.” His greatest renown—or notoriety—dated from the Nazi era. Hitler himself said, “A man like Colin Ross, for example, gave me infinitely more precious information on the subject” of the Far East than all of the professional diplomats. Ross was, indeed, regarded with some exaggeration as “ one of Hitler's foremost geopoliticians,” and, probably with even greater exaggeration, as a paid spy for the Third Reich. When he visited South America in 1919-1920, however, it was suspicions of Bolshevist rather than Nazi inclinations which placed obstacles in the path of high ambitions.

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