In the 1920s, mahjong allowed middle-class and elite Americans to imagine, appropriate, or reject an exotic Asian sexuality while maintaining their own respectability. Gendered ideas of race, specifically of Asian cultures as feminine, also encouraged Americans to understand the game as a feminine pastime. In turn, Chinese Americans leveraged mahjong’s popularity for economic opportunities. The choices that these Chinese Americans faced, however, were fraught with pitfalls. As the game spread across the nation, mahjong unleashed criticisms of Chinese influence and women’s leisure that linked female mahjong players with neglectful and self-centered domesticity. The ways in which mahjong symbolized modern American culture, buttressed by Orientalist ideas of race and gender, allowed the game to stand in for debates over white femininity. Rather than merely a temporary foray into the exotic, mahjong came to represent the threats posed by changing gender, sexual, and racial norms during the 1920s.