african american women
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Matin Torabinia ◽  
Alexandre Caprio ◽  
Tamatha B. Fenster ◽  
Bobak Mosadegh

Uterine fibroids represent the highest prevalence of benign tumors in women, with reports ranging from 4.5% to 68.6%, with a significant bias towards African American women. For uterine fibroids, a significant decision is determining whether fibroids can be successfully removed using minimally invasive (MI) techniques or their removal requires open surgery. Currently, the standard-of-care for intra-procedural visualization for myomectomies is ultrasound, which has low image quality and requires a specially trained assistant. Currently, the state-of-the-art is to obtain a pre-procedural MRI scan of the patient, which can be used for diagnosis and pre-procedural planning. Although proven incredibly useful pre-procedurally, MRI scans are not often used intra-procedurally due to the inconvenient visualization as 2D slices, which are seen on 2D monitors that do not intuitively convey the depth or orientation of the fibroids, as needed to effectively perform myomectomies. To address this limitation, herein, we present the use of a mixed reality headset (i.e., Microsoft HoloLens 2), as a tool for intra-procedural image-guidance during a mock myomectomy of an ex vivo animal uterus. In this work, we created a patient-specific holographic rendering by performing image segmentation of an MRI scan of a custom-made uterine fibroid animal model. A physician qualitatively assessed the usefulness of the renderings for fibroid localization, as compared to the same visualization on a 2D monitor. In conclusion, the use of mixed reality as an intra-procedural image guidance tool for myomectomies was perceived as a better visualization technique that could lead to improvements in MI approaches and make them accessible to patients from lower socioeconomic populations.


2022 ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Deborah Carol Fields Harris

The number of African American women who become school principals is low per national and local statistics. An unconscious bias towards African American women may have contributed to these low statistics. The process of applying for a school principal's position has not been consistent for over a century. It seems that for job openings in which the dominant culture is not African American, the likelihood of being the school principal is doubtful. Unveiling and examining these biases may lead to determining how to include more African American women in educational administration. This chapter will describe 10 African American women who encountered unconscious bias as they sought and procured public-school principalship.


Daedalus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Beth E. Richie

Abstract In this essay, I illustrate how discussions of the effects of violence on communities are enhanced by the use of a critical framework that links various microvariables with macro-institutional processes. Drawing upon my work on the issue of violent victimization toward African American women and how conventional justice policies have failed to bring effective remedy in situations of extreme danger and degradation, I argue that a broader conceptual framework is required to fully understand the profound and persistent impact that violence has on individuals embedded in communities that are experiencing the most adverse social injustices. I use my work as a case in point to illustrate how complex community dynamics, ineffective institutional responses, and broader societal forces of systemic violence intersect to further the impact of individual victimization. In the end, I argue that understanding the impact of all forms of violence would be better served by a more intersectional and critical interdisciplinary framework.


2022 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 106964
Author(s):  
Che-Jung Chang ◽  
Dana Boyd Barr ◽  
P.Barry Ryan ◽  
Parinya Panuwet ◽  
Melissa M. Smarr ◽  
...  

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