FEAR AND HEALING: SENECA, CAECILIUS IUCUNDUS, AND THE CAMPANIAN EARTHQUAKE OF 62/63ce

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Christopher Trinacty
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Theory ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The City ◽  
Do So

The earthquake of 62/63cewas a catastrophic event for Pompeii and Campania. The destruction and death toll were extensive and it is clear that the city of Pompeii was still recovering and rebuilding when the eruption of Vesuvius happened. This article takes into consideration the mental and emotional damage that the earthquake caused and the way in which Seneca and the archaeological record help us to perceive strategies of consolation and therapy. Seneca discusses this earthquake in Book 6 of hisNaturales quaestionesand hopes to lead his reader from the shock of the earthquake to a more comprehensive understanding of the physical causes of the tremor. The cultural memory of events not witnessed directly (such as Seneca's write-up of the Pompeii earthquake) makes us all survivors and ‘turn[s] history into a memory in which we can all participate’. If trauma ‘spreads via language and representation’, Seneca wants to limit what exactly is traumatic about this event and employs his creative rhetoric to do so. His account demonstrates how Stoic physics and ethics are connected and moves the reader from his or her fear of earthquakes to the fear of death at the root of the anxiety. Seneca carefully alters the valence of certain terms as well as selected memories of the earthquake to encourage his reader to transcend his or her fear and view earthquakes as natural occurrences, not anomalies to be dreaded. He does this through strategies identified in modern trauma theory as useful for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and this article investigates how contemporary trauma theory can help us understand aspects of Seneca's remedy. Seneca's repetitions of certain events and terminology works to reassess and renovate them from a philosophical angle – in essence it turns potential ‘flashbacks’ and ‘triggers’ into beneficial sites of memory and the means of recovery. Survivors often relive the trauma again and again – Seneca's work alludes to this, but now makes the victim actively revise how to make such iterations part of the recovery.

The Philip Marlowe Novels

War Noir ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 122-156
Author(s):  
Sarah Trott
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Philip Marlowe ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The City

Chapter five reconsiders Chandler’s own war experience to show that Marlowe, like his creator, displayed symptoms of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Examining the novels for these manifestations, Marlowe’s symptoms appear to fall into the three separate symptom-related categorizations of PTSD. This chapter will also demonstrate how the game of chess becomes a metaphor for the city of Los Angeles that enables the troubled detective to locate himself within a structured and orderly environment. Marlowe reassess and reviews his own case-related actions and dealings by evaluating his movements on the chessboard.

scholarly journals (P2-50) Surviving a Severe Train Crash

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s152-s152
Author(s):  
R.M. Forsberg ◽  
B. Saveman
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundPrevious disaster studies mainly focused on analyzing the experience from a psychological or psychiatric perspective. The occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder also has been the central issue when studying survivors of train crashes. Research concerning being involved in train crashes is scarce.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the experience of surviving a severe train crash.MethodsIn 2004, a severe train crash occurred in the south of Sweden. Approximately 78 passengers were on the train. All of them were injured, and two of the passengers died. Fourteen of the survivors agreed to be interviewed five years after the crash. The interviews were narrative, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a phenomenological-hermeneutical method. First, a naive reading of the text, later, a structural analysis, and finally a comprehensive understanding in which the other phases were considered and discussed with relevant literature.ResultsThe preliminary results show a naive understanding of being in the pre-crash, crash and post-crash phases. Four themes were recognized: (1) life is going on like being on a railway track; (2) the train derails, so do I; (3) back on track again; and (4) life goes on in a new track. The results will be elaborated and discussed together with the comprehensive understanding.ConclusionsSurviving a severe train crash changes life immediately as well as five years later.

Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Events in Adults Victim of Displacement in the Colombian Caribbean

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S512-S512 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cabas-Hoyos ◽  
J. Ospina-Buelvas ◽  
M.A. Lopez-Sierra ◽  
A. Ochoa-Reyes ◽  
A. Uribe-Urzola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The City

The forced displacement in Montería, a region from the Colombian Caribbean could become a risk factor for the existence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), nevertheless, there isn’t data of the prevalence of this disorder.AimTo identify the prevalence of the PTSD and associated events in adults victims of the displacement in the city of Montería.MethodTransversal and explorative study, 117 adults (M: 40,41; SD: 13,14). The PTSD was verified with the checklist for PTSD (Weathers, Litz, herman, Huska & Keane, 1993) and according to criteria of DSM-5 (APA, 2014). The 3 factors associated with the disorder were analyzed according to age groups. To evaluate the events associated to the disorder was used the checklist of events (Blake, Weathers & Nagy, 1990). Occurred and witnessed by the subject events were analyzed. Descriptive were used to determinate the existence of the PTSD and an ANOVA to contrast the symptomatology of the PTSD by age groups.ResultsThe 26,49% (n = 31) of the sample had the clinic criteria of PTSD. An ANOVA of a factor evidenced that the activation was present in a biggest proportion in the range of 53-59 years old (M = 18.73); intrusion and avoidance was shown mostly in the range of 60-71 years old (intrusion M = 14.00; avoidance M = 14.85). In relation to the associated events occurred to the subjects, there was found that the highest incidence were: natural disasters (42.7%) and unexpected death (35.9%); the witnessed events with higher percentage where: unexpected death (19.70%) and traffic accidents (15.4%).References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Diospyros kaki Cr. and Climate Changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
Marijke Creveld
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bomb Attack ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The City

Abstract Diospyros kaki Cr. as a homeopathic remedy was made from the Kaki tree from Nagasaki, Japan, that survived the 1945 Plutonium bomb attack on the city during the war between Japan and the USA. Two short cases show the remedy can be used for climate change–related indications, namely skin cancers and post-traumatic stress disorder.

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