Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Events in Adults Victim of Displacement in the Colombian Caribbean

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S512-S512 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cabas-Hoyos ◽  
J. Ospina-Buelvas ◽  
M.A. Lopez-Sierra ◽  
A. Ochoa-Reyes ◽  
A. Uribe-Urzola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The City

The forced displacement in Montería, a region from the Colombian Caribbean could become a risk factor for the existence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), nevertheless, there isn’t data of the prevalence of this disorder.AimTo identify the prevalence of the PTSD and associated events in adults victims of the displacement in the city of Montería.MethodTransversal and explorative study, 117 adults (M: 40,41; SD: 13,14). The PTSD was verified with the checklist for PTSD (Weathers, Litz, herman, Huska & Keane, 1993) and according to criteria of DSM-5 (APA, 2014). The 3 factors associated with the disorder were analyzed according to age groups. To evaluate the events associated to the disorder was used the checklist of events (Blake, Weathers & Nagy, 1990). Occurred and witnessed by the subject events were analyzed. Descriptive were used to determinate the existence of the PTSD and an ANOVA to contrast the symptomatology of the PTSD by age groups.ResultsThe 26,49% (n = 31) of the sample had the clinic criteria of PTSD. An ANOVA of a factor evidenced that the activation was present in a biggest proportion in the range of 53-59 years old (M = 18.73); intrusion and avoidance was shown mostly in the range of 60-71 years old (intrusion M = 14.00; avoidance M = 14.85). In relation to the associated events occurred to the subjects, there was found that the highest incidence were: natural disasters (42.7%) and unexpected death (35.9%); the witnessed events with higher percentage where: unexpected death (19.70%) and traffic accidents (15.4%).References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A review on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): “Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies”

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Thakur ◽  
Diksha Choudhary ◽  
Bhupinder Kumar ◽  
Amit Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Post Traumatic

: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), previously known as battle fatigue syndrome or shell shock, is a severe mental disturbance condition that is normally triggered by the experience of some frightening/scary events or trauma where a person undergoes some serious physical or mental harm or threatened. PTSD is a long-life effect of the continuous occurrence of traumatic conditions which, leading the production of feelings of helplessness, intense fear, and horror in the person. There are various examples of events that can cause PTSD, such as physical, mental, or sexual assault at home or working place by others, unexpected death of a loved one, an accidental event, war, or some kind of natural disaster. Treatment of PTSD includes the removal or reduction of these emotional feelings or symptoms with the aim to improve the daily life functioning of a person. Problems which are needed to be considered in case of PTSD like ongoing trauma, abusive or bad relationships. Various drugs which are used for the treatment of PTSD include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (citalopram, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, etc.); tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline and isocarboxazid); mood stabilizers (Divalproex and lamotrigine); atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole and quetiapine), etc. In this review, we have covered the different risk factors, case studies related to various treatment options with different age group peoples in PTSD and their effects on them. We have also covered the symptoms and associated disorders which can play a key role in the development of PTSD.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms in Secondary Stalked Children of Danish Stalking Survivors—A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Ask Elklit ◽  
Lene Vangsgaard ◽  
Anne Olsen ◽  
Sara Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

There is a lack of research examining secondary stalking and its effect on children who, in many cases, can be direct targets, or secondary survivors, of the stalking of their parent. The present study examines trauma reactions in children of stalking survivors in a Danish sample. It investigates the differences and similarities of such reactions across three age groups. Fifty-seven children were divided into groups depending on their age. The symptoms of the youngest group, 0–6-year-olds, were investigated by way of a maternal diagnostic interview. The two older groups, 7–11- and 12–19-year-olds completed the age-appropriate questionnaires, “Darryl” and “HTQ”, respectively, online. Twenty-two percent of the youngest group met the criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eighty-five percent of the middle age group and 58% of the older age group met PTSD diagnostic criteria. The findings illustrate that reactions to secondary stalking were predominantly within the arousal cluster of PTSD symptomology, with sleep disturbances and irritability commonly reported. The overall prevalence of children meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria in the sample was 56%. Future studies will benefit from larger samples and from knowledge of any pre-existing relationship between parent and stalker.

scholarly journals Influence of predispositions on post-traumatic stress disorder: does it vary by trauma severity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Breslau ◽  
J. P. Troost ◽  
K. Bohnert ◽  
Z. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Trauma Severity ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundOnly a minority of trauma victims (<10%) develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suggesting that victims vary in predispositions to the PTSD response to traumas. It is assumed that the influence of predispositions is inversely related to trauma severity: when trauma is extreme predispositions are assumed to play a secondary role. This assumption has not been tested. We estimate the influence of key predispositions on PTSD induced by an extreme trauma – associated with a high percentage of PTSD – (sexual assault), relative to events of lower magnitude (accidents, disaster, and unexpected death of someone close).MethodThe National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) is representative of the adult population of the USA. A total of 34 653 respondents completed the second wave in which lifetime PTSD was assessed. We conducted three series of multinomial logistic regressions, comparing the influence of six predispositions on the PTSD effect of sexual assault with each comparison event. Three pre-existing disorders and three parental history variables were examined.ResultsPredispositions predicted elevated PTSD risk among victims of sexual assault as they did among victims of comparison events. We detected no evidence that the influence of predispositions on PTSD risk was significantly lower when the event was sexual assault, relative to accidents, disasters and unexpected death of someone close.ConclusionsImportant predispositions increase the risk of PTSD following sexual assault as much as they do following accidents, disaster, and unexpected death of someone close. Research on other predispositions and alternative classifications of event severity would be illuminating.

scholarly journals Association between traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Olaya ◽  
J. Alonso ◽  
L. Atwoli ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
G. Vilagut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background.The relative importance of traumatic events (TEs) in accounting for the social burden of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could vary according to cross-cultural factors. In that sense, no such studies have yet been conducted in the Spanish general population. The present study aims to determine the epidemiology of trauma and PTSD in a Spanish community sample using the randomly selected TEs method.Methods.The European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD)-Spain is a cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of adult population. Lifetime prevalence of self-reported TEs and lifetime and 12-month prevalence of PTSD were evaluated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Reports of PTSD associated with randomly selected TEs were weighted by the individual-level probabilities of TE selection to generate estimates of population-level PTSD risk associated with each TE.Results.Road accident was the most commonly self-reported TE (14.1%). Sexual assault had the highest conditional risk of PTSD (16.5%). The TEs that contributed most to societal PTSD burden were unexpected death of a loved one (36.4% of all cases) and sexual assault (17.2%). Being female and having a low educational level were associated with low risk of overall TE exposure and being previously married was related to higher risk. Being female was related to high risk of PTSD after experiencing a TE.Conclusions.Having an accident is commonly reported among Spanish adults, but two TE are responsible for the highest burden associated with PTSD: the unexpected death of someone close and sexual assault. These results can help designing public health interventions to reduce the societal PTSD burden.

scholarly journals Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Roberts ◽  
S. E. Gilman ◽  
J. Breslau ◽  
N. Breslau ◽  
K. C. Koenen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundTo identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the US general population.MethodData from structured diagnostic interviews with 34 653 adult respondents to the 2004–2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were analysed.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of PTSD was highest among Blacks (8.7%), intermediate among Hispanics and Whites (7.0% and 7.4%) and lowest among Asians (4.0%). Differences in risk for trauma varied by type of event. Whites were more likely than the other groups to have any trauma, to learn of a trauma to someone close, and to learn of an unexpected death, but Blacks and Hispanics had higher risk of child maltreatment, chiefly witnessing domestic violence, and Asians, Black men, and Hispanic women had higher risk of war-related events than Whites. Among those exposed to trauma, PTSD risk was slightly higher among Blacks [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.22] and lower among Asians (aOR 0.67) compared with Whites, after adjustment for characteristics of trauma exposure. All minority groups were less likely to seek treatment for PTSD than Whites (aOR range: 0.39–0.61), and fewer than half of minorities with PTSD sought treatment (range: 32.7–42.0%).ConclusionsWhen PTSD affects US race/ethnic minorities, it is usually untreated. Large disparities in treatment indicate a need for investment in accessible and culturally sensitive treatment options.

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