European Communities

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consultative Committee ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Energy Community

By the Rome treaties of March 25, 1957, which established the European Economic Community (EEC or common market) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), five major institutions were created to serve the Communities. Three of these organs, the Assembly, the Court of Justice, and the Economic and Social Committee, were to be the same for both Communities, under the conditions respectively laid down in the two treaties, while the other two institutions, the Council and the Commission, were to remain separate. According to the Convention which dealt with the institutions common to the Communities, the Assembly was to replace the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the Court of Justice was to replace the Court provided for in the treaty establishing ECSC. The Economic and Social Committee was to serve only EEC and Euratom since ECSC was already served by a comparable body, the Consultative Committee.

European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Energy Community

The European community treaties establishing the European Economic Community (common market) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) were ratified by Italy on October 9, 1957. by Luxembourg on November 26, by Belgium on November 28 and by the Netherlands on December 5 With the ratification thus completed the treaties came into force on January 1, 1958.

Some Remarks on the External Relations of the European Communities

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schloh
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Energy Community

The three European Communities and their institutions There are three European Communities:– the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), established by the Treaty of Paris, of 18 April 1951,– the European Economic Community (EEC, “Common Market”), and– the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the two latter both established by the Treaties of Rome, of 25 March 1957.

The Association Agreements of the European Communities: A Comparative Analysis

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Feld
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Community

Since the establishment of the three European Communities (the European Coal and Steel Community [ECSC] in 1952 and the European Economic Community [EEC] and the European Atomic Energy Community [Euratom] in 1958) four agreements of association with non-member states have been concluded. The first of these was signed by ECSC and the United Kingdom on December 21, 1954. The other three agreements, concluded by EEC with Greece, with a number of newly independent African states and Madagascar, and with Turkey, were signed on July 9, 1961, July 20, 1963, and September 12, 1963, respectively. During the last few years other countries in Europe and Africa have expressed a desire to become associated with EEC, and preliminary discussions that may eventually result in additional association agreements are now under way with Austria, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda. Only Euratom has so far refrained from negotiating an association agreement although the Euratom Treaty contains provisions identical to those of the EEC Treaty for the conclusion of such agreements.

The Five-Year Experience of the European Coal and Steel Community

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Escape Clauses

Since the signing and ratification of the treaties establishing the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), there has been renewed interest in the organization which pioneered die European effort toward economic integration under supra-national institutions. The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) commemorates this year two anniversaries which are of more dian usual significance. February 10 and May 1, 1958, mark die completion of die first five years of die common market for coal and iron ore, and for steel and scrap, respectively. February 10 also marks die end of die “period of transition” provided by die treaty to cushion die impact of competidon on weak industries and to facilitate their adaptation to die conditions of the common market. During this period, some member countries were authorized to continue certain customs duties (e.g., on Italian imports of coke and steel), subsidies (e.g., for Lorraine coal and coke), and odier protective devices; and in some cases, provision was made for financial assistance by the Community itself (e.g., in favor of coal mines in Belgium and Sardinia). But unlike the escape clauses included in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), diese exemptions and supports were limited to five years, widi die possibility, in some cases, of a further extension of two years. Also during this period, measures were to be taken to eliminate discriminatory practices and to harmonize the conditions of competition, particularly in transport, and a common tariff was to be worked out vis-à-vis non-member countries.

European Community

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-857
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Council Of Ministers

Council of Ministers: The European Economic Community (EEC) Council Of Ministers met on July 29–30, 1964, to discuss the fusion of the EEC, the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). It also discussed the question of Austria's future relations with the Community and instructed the permanent representatives to prepare draft directives to permit the opening of negotiations with Austria on the subject.

The Common Market and Conservative Party politics, 1961–2

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Butt
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Common Market ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marginal Part ◽  
The Common

The Common Market as an issue in domestic British politics under the Macmillan government – and distinct from the negotiations, as such, with the European Economic Community – can be considered under three broad heads. First, there is the question how the decision to seek entry for Britain was taken. How far was it a political decision; how far was it motivated by the views of civil servants; how far was it prompted by interest groups in industry and finance ? Secondly, how did the Conservative Party become converted to the idea of British membership of the European Economic Community and how significant was the opposition to the idea that developed in the party ? The third question is what effect, if any, did domestic political opposition to the Common Market have on the French President's eventual veto of the project ?Except by implication, the third question is excluded from consideration here. Only a close student of French domestic politics is competent to evaluate how far, if at all, the hostility to the European idea in a section of the Conservative Party and the official objections of the Labour Party to British membership of EEC on any terms that then seemed negotiable, made it easier for the French President to impose his final veto. Conceivably, the possibility that a successor labour government might disown any treaty that the conservatives had signed may have played a marginal part in assisting the President's attitude in the final stages.

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