scholarly journals Unfit for History: Race, Reparation and the Reconstruction of American Lyric

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
JESS COTTON
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
Contemporary Poetics

This article explores how contemporary US black poetics evidences the entanglement of the history of lyric with the history of race. Through readings of the work of Claudia Rankine, Evie Shockley, Tyehimba Jess and Terrance Hayes, I make the case that this poetics situates American lyric within the violence of Reconstruction to imagine how Black Reconstruction may be enacted in cultural form. My contention is that this poetics makes lyric “unfit for history” and thus exposes the racialization processes embedded in poetry's modern life forms. I show how this poetics does not simply recuperate lyric subjectivity but presents a different model of subjectivity altogether, one that is rooted in a fugitive idea of blackness. I locate this lyric from the publication of Shockley's the new black (2011), as a reckoning with the failures of representation that were pronounced in the colour-blind politics of the Obama era and chart it to Hayes's engagement with Trumpian politics in his sonnet sequence American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin (2018). I argue that this contemporary poetics, which makes its argument through a destabilization of genre, unravels the racialization processes embedded in the form of reading poetry that Virginia Jackson refers to as “lyricization.”

BUILDING THE MODEL OF INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY IN CONSERVATION AND PROMOTION OF THE IDENTITY VALUE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES CULTURE IN ETHNIC MINORITY BOARDING GENERAL SCHOOLS, ETHNIC MINORITY SEMI-BOARDING GENERAL SCHOOLS AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES THROUGH LANGUAGE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngo Quang Son ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Communication Efficiency ◽  
History Of

Traditional culture of ethnic minorities is the material and spiritual values that are accumulated and preservedin the whole history of ethnic minority development. In thatcommon cultural flow, every ethnic minorities group in ourcountry has its own characteristics in traditional culture.That identity is expressed firstly in language. Language is animportant element of the ethnic minorities character, therefore,the loss of language is the loss of a great asset, thereby leadingto the erasure of art literature, religious beliefs and the custom,customary law.Therefore, in the context of modern life, preserving andpromoting the cultural and linguistic identity of ethnicminorities is an urgent task. In particular, pay specialattention to the method of cultural preservation through thedevelopment of Information, Education and CommunicationModel in ethnic minorities languages in schools and localcommunities.

A common precursor to both prebiotic and biological pathways to RNA nucleotides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pérez-Villa ◽  
Thomas Georgelin ◽  
Jean-François Lambert ◽  
Marie-Christine Maurel ◽  
François Guyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Ab Initio Simulations ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Anomeric Carbon

Understanding the mechanism of spontaneous formation of ribonucleotides under realistic prebiotic conditions is a key open issue of origins-of-life research. In cells, <i>de novo</i> and salvage nucleotide enzymatic synthesis combines 5-phospho-α -D-ribose-1-diphosphate ( α-PRPP) and nucleobases. Interestingly, these reactants are also known as prebiotically plausible compounds. Combining ab initio simulations with mass spectrometry experiments, we compellingly demonstrate that nucleobases and α -PRPP spontaneously combine, through the same facile mechanism, forming both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides, under mild hydrothermal conditions. Surprisingly, this mechanism is very similar to the biological one, and yields ribonucleotides with the same anomeric carbon chirality as in biological systems. These results suggest that natural selection might have optimized – through enzymes – a pre-existing ribonucleotide formation mechanism, carrying it forward to modern life forms.

A common precursor to both prebiotic and biological pathways to RNA nucleotides

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pérez-Villa ◽  
Thomas Georgelin ◽  
Jean-François Lambert ◽  
Marie-Christine Maurel ◽  
François Guyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Ab Initio Simulations ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Anomeric Carbon

Understanding the mechanism of spontaneous formation of ribonucleotides under realistic prebiotic conditions is a key open issue of origins-of-life research. In cells, <i>de novo</i> and salvage nucleotide enzymatic synthesis combines 5-phospho-α -D-ribose-1-diphosphate ( α-PRPP) and nucleobases. Interestingly, these reactants are also known as prebiotically plausible compounds. Combining ab initio simulations with mass spectrometry experiments, we compellingly demonstrate that nucleobases and α -PRPP spontaneously combine, through the same facile mechanism, forming both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides, under mild hydrothermal conditions. Surprisingly, this mechanism is very similar to the biological one, and yields ribonucleotides with the same anomeric carbon chirality as in biological systems. These results suggest that natural selection might have optimized – through enzymes – a pre-existing ribonucleotide formation mechanism, carrying it forward to modern life forms.

Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Cottrol
Keyword(s):  
Antebellum America ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Race

Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America 

scholarly journals ‘Constitutions selection’: Darwin, race and medicine

BJHS Themes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Suman Seth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Race Science ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
Descent Of Man

Abstract In the course of his discussion of the origin of variations in skin colour among humans in the Descent of Man, Charles Darwin suggested that darker skin might be correlated with immunity to certain diseases. To make that suggestion, he drew upon a claim that seemed self-evidently correct in 1871, although it had seemed almost certainly incorrect in the late eighteenth century: that immunity to disease could be understood as a hereditary racial trait. This paper aims to show how fundamental was the idea of ‘constitutions selection’, as Darwin would call it, for his thinking about human races, tracking his (ultimately unsuccessful) attempts to find proof of its operation over a period of more than thirty years. At the same time and more broadly, following Darwin's conceptual resources on this question helps explicate relationships between conceptions of disease and conceptions of race in the nineteenth century. That period saw the birth of a modern, fixist, biologically determinist racism, which increasingly manifested itself in medical writings. The reverse was also true: medicine was a crucial site in which race was forged. The history of what has been called ‘race-science’, it is argued, cannot and should not be written independent of the history of ‘race-medicine’.

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