Female educational attainment and fertility

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas F. S. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Junior Secondary ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

SummaryThe study demonstrates that, regardless of location, a pronounced reduction in fertility is achieved in Sri Lanka by the completion of junior secondary or higher levels of education; the reduction seems to be more marked in rural than in urban areas. Increased efforts to ensure that a significantly higher proportion of girls in Sri Lanka complete at least the junior secondary level would be likely to effect a significant reduction in fertility. It is therefore important in developing countries to explore the potential influence of female educational attainment as an effective weapon towards fertility reduction and to ascertain the extent of the decline in fertility produced by varing degrees of education, according to various characteristics.

scholarly journals Classroom Factors that Influence Self-esteem in Gifted Children : A Case Study in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-251
Author(s):  
Kamani Priyadarshani ◽  
Samudra Senarath
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Junior Secondary

This study examines how factors in the classroom environment influence gifted children and their self-esteem in Junior Secondary level classes in Sri Lanka, using a sample survey design. One hundred and two male and female gifted students at Junior Secondary level from two geographical provinces were selected using the snowballing sampling method, with the Ravens Standardized Matrix Test and teacher nominations. The Coppersmith’s Self Esteem Scale was employed to examine these children’s self-esteem and a self-developed screening test was implemented to identify the factors in the classroom environment that influenced them. The results of the study revealed that such gifted children presented significant classroom environment trigger factors, such as teaching-learning issues, neglect by the teachers, unhappiness with their teachers, lack of attention from the teachers, teachers’ lack of teaching skills and methods, peer pressure and peer relationships issues. Due to these classroom influences, the children presented psychological difficulties including physical, emotional and behavioral difficulties. Of these, emotional difficulties showed higher scores as compared to other difficulties. When considering self-esteem, forty-seven children presented an overall low score in contrast to both average and higher scores in the sample. There was a significant positive correlation between emotional, behavioral and physical difficulties and self-esteem. Thus, it seemed that the development of professional skills and the need for further teacher training related to special education are vital. It is also important to provide integrated professional counselling services to strengthen the self-esteem and well-being of talented children, in the school system.

Health and Environment in Urban Areas of Developing Countries

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Stephens ◽  
Trudy Harpham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas

Relating Household Consumption Expenditures to Road Traffic Fatalities: A Rural–Urban Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Ruchika Agarwala ◽  
Vinod Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Traffic Fatality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Relationship

Research shows that traffic fatality risk is generally higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In developing countries, vehicle ownership and investments in public transportation typically increase with economic growth. These two factors together increase the vehicle population, which in turn affects traffic safety. This paper presents a study focused on the relationship of various factors—including household consumption expenditure data—with traffic fatality in rural and urban areas and thereby aims to fill some of the gaps in the literature. One such gap is the impacts of personal and non-personal modes of travel on traffic safety in rural versus urban areas in developing countries which remains unexplored. An exhaustive panel data modeling approach is adopted. One important finding of this study is that evidence exists of a contrasting relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality in rural and urban areas. The relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality is observed to be positive in rural areas and a negative in urban areas. Increases in most expenditure variables, such as fuel, non-personal modes of travel, and two-wheeler expenditures, are found to be associated with an increase in traffic fatality in rural areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document