Perceptions of contraceptive methods: a multidimensional scaling analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Callan ◽  
Cynthia Gallois
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Older Subjects

SummaryThis study employed similarity judgments to determine the dimensions used in distinguishing between methods of contraception, and to investigate individual differences in the use of these dimensions. Three groups of subjects rated the similarity of seventeen methods of contraception, and also rated each method on a number of adjective scales. Multidimensional scaling of the similarity judgments revealed two dimensions: one related to effectiveness, expense, and safety, and the other differentiating between standard and non-standard methods of contraception (or natural and non-natural ones). In addition, methods of contraception were arrayed in the space mainly on the basis of physical similarity. Analyses of the rating scales indicated that subjects perceived methods accurately in terms of effectiveness, but were inaccurate in their ratings of safety to the user. Finally, analysis of individual differences indicated that the second dimension was more salient to younger than to older subjects, but did not reveal differences related to religion or contraceptive use.

scholarly journals A comparison of men’s and women’s perceptions of the female body using a multidimensional scaling analysis of naturalistic stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510291985466
Author(s):  
Deana D Diekhoff ◽  
George M Diekhoff ◽  
Michael A Vandehey
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Similarities ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Composite Maps

Men and women worked with 25 naturalistic photos of females representing varied physiques. Similarity judgments of the photos were analyzed using multidimensional scaling analysis to produce composite maps for male and female participants. A comparison of the maps showed gender similarities and differences. Both genders used almost identical attributes in judging similarities and identified almost identical body types, but men were more inclusive in identifying ideal females; men included curvaceous females that were rejected by women. Women identified very thin females that were rejected by men. Men were affectively most positive toward female ideals; women were most positive to near-ideals.

A Negative Halo for Athletes Who Consult Sport Psychologists: Replication and Extension

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwyn E. Linder ◽  
Britton W. Brewer ◽  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Nina De Lange
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Psychological Structure ◽  
Sport Psychologist ◽  
Best Fit

Three studies are reported that replicate and extend previous work showing that athletes who consult a sport psychologist are derogated relative to athletes who work with their coaches on the same problem. In the first study, a multidimensional-scaling analysis was conducted to explore the psychological structure underlying perceptions of 12 sport practitioner professionals. Two dimensions, mental/physical and sport/nonsport, provided the best fit for both male and female subjects. The second and third studies, using different subject populations, were conducted to replicate previous findings and to explore the mediating processess involved. In both experiments, subjects were asked to indicate how strongly they would recommend drafting a college baseball, basketball, or football player who had worked with a coach, a sport psychologist, or a psychotherapist to improve performance. Male undergraduates and Lions Club members gave athletes who consulted sport psychologists or psychotherapists significantly lower draft ratings than athletes who consulted their coaches.

Possible Role of Transient and Sustained Visual Mechanisms in the Determination of Similarity Judgments

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Timothy Petersik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Similarity Ratings ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Automatic Activation

Two studies examined the role played by transient and sustained visual mechanisms in the determination of similarity judgments produced in response to pairs of geometrical stimuli. In two experiments, subjects were trained to attend to two dimensions of a set of stimuli and to assign similarity ratings with respect to those two dimensions only. An INDSCAL multidimensional scaling analysis of the subsequent similarity ratings showed that subjects emphasized global blob, or low spatial frequency-dependent, dimensions of the stimuli when they were presented for brief durations (20 msec.), irrespective of the dimensions to which the subjects had been trained to attend. This finding suggested that low spatial frequency selective transient mechanisms dominated the perceptual processes which underlie the similarity judgments. When the stimulus duration was raised to 50 msec. so that sustained mechanisms could also make a significant contribution to the perceptual processes underlying the similarity judgments, subjects emphasized only those dimensions on which they had been trained. The implications of the present findings for the concepts of selective attention and automatic activation were discussed.

On the Validity and Reliability of Direct Similarity Judgments: A Comment

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wilkes ◽  
James B. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Similarity Judgments

A recent JMR article raised several conceptual issues concerning the use of direct similarity judgments in multidimensional scaling analysis. This comment questions certain portions of the methodology used in the original article.

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