Quantitation and analysis of the specificity of post-immunization antibodies to influenza B viruses using single radial haemolysis

SummaryThe single radial haemolysis (SRH) technique detected anti-B/HK/8/73 HA antibody rises in 59–85 % of paired sera from persons immunized with different influenza vaccines. In contrast, analysis of the same sera by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test indicated significant antibody rises in only 27–54% of paired sera. High levels of antibody were detected to influenza B/HK/8/73 and B/Singapore/222/79 viruses in post-immunization sera analysed by SRH, whereas the HI test indicated comparatively low geometric mean antibody titres. Most adults responded to immunization with influenza B virus by producing cross-reactive (CR) antibody which reacted with different influenza B viruses including the early isolate B/Lee/40.

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Haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against influenza A and influenza B in maternal and neonatal sera

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400053353 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. Masurel ◽

J. I. de Bruijne ◽

H. A. Beuningh ◽

H. J. A. Schouten

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Influenza A ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

B Virus ◽

Duration Of Pregnancy ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

SUMMARYHaemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against the influenza viruses A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) and B/Nederland/77/66 were determined in 420 paired sera from mothers and newborns (umbilical cord sera), sampled in 1970–1.A higher concentration of antibodies against influenza A virus was found more frequently in neonatal than in maternal sera. By contrast, low titres against influenza B virus were more frequently observed in neonatal than in maternal sera. Maternal age, duration of pregnancy, and birth-weight did not affect the results of the tests.It is suggested that the titre of the newborn against an epidemic influenza virus can be predicted from that of the mother. Furthermore, the maternal titre may be an indication of the susceptibility of the newborn infant to influenza infections.

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The mode of action of an antiviral substance from Penicillium cyaneo-fulvum

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m68-034 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tam S. David-West ◽

Patricia M. Cooke ◽

J. W. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Virus Adsorption ◽

B Virus ◽

Antiviral Substance ◽

Replicative Cycle

An antiviral substance elaborated in Czapek-Dox broth by a strain of Penicillium cyaneo-fulvum isolated in this laboratory, and active against influenza A virus (PR8), influenza B virus (Lee), and Newcastle disease virus (B1) in modified Maitland tissue cultures has been shown to act at an intracellular site in the viral replicative cycle. The substance neither blocks virus adsorption nor impedes the release of newly formed virus particles. It is not viricidal, does not interfere with the action of ths viral neuraminidase on red blood cells, and does not possess any haemagglutination or haemagglutination–inhibition activity. A comparison with other reported antiviral agents shows that the antiviral substance is different from those previously studied.

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Comparison of haemagglutination-inhibition and single-radial-haemolysis techniques for detection of antibodies to influenza B virus

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/bf01315034 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 63 (3-4) ◽

pp. 285-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

P. Chakraverty

Keyword(s):

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

B Virus

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Antigenic variants with amino acid deletions clarify a neutralizing epitope specific for influenza B virus Victoria group strains

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2169 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 82 (9) ◽

pp. 2169-2172 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Naoko Nakagawa ◽

Ritsuko Kubota ◽

Toshimasa Nakagawa ◽

Yoshinobu Okuno

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Substitution ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Single Amino Acid Substitution ◽

Single Amino Acid ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

B Virus

To study the neutralizing epitopes of influenza B virus Victoria group strains, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to select antigenic variants of the virus. MAbs 10B8 and 8E6 were found to react with B/Victoria group strains in three tests, peroxidase–antiperoxidase staining, haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests; no reactivity with B/Yamagata group strains was observed. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of 10B8-induced variants identified a single amino acid deletion at residue 165 or 170, as well as a single amino acid substitution at residues 164 (Asp→Tyr), 165 (Asn→Ser or Thr) or 203 (Lys→Thr or Asn). A single amino acid substitution at residue 241 (Pro→Ser) was observed in 8E6-induced variants. Three-dimensional analysis showed that the epitopes for both MAbs were situated in close proximity to each other. Since B/Yamagata group strains are characterized by amino acid deletions at residues 164–166, the epitope for MAb 10B8 is strictly specific for B/Victoria group strains.

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Recombinant Influenza B virus HA and NA antigens administered in equivalent amounts are immunogenically equivalent and induce equivalent homotypic and broader heterovariant protection in mice than conventional and live influenza vaccines

Human Vaccines ◽

10.4161/hv.4.6.6201 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 420-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bert E. Johansson ◽

Ian C. Brett

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

B Virus

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Antibody against viruses in maternal and cord sera: specific antibody is concentrated on the fetal side of the circulation

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400070832 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 303-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

P. D. Griffiths ◽

S. I. Berney ◽

S. Argent ◽

R. B. Heath

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Specific Antibody ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

B Virus

SUMMARYPaired maternal and cord sera from 100 pregnancies were tested for antibodies against herpes simplex virus, measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus by complement fixation and for antibodies against rubella virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus by haemagglutination-inhibition. For four viruses (herpes simplex, measles, respiratory syncytial and rubella) higher levels of antibody were found in cord than in maternal sera. There was no difference between maternal and cord serum titres against influenza B virus but significantly higher levels of antibody against influenza A virus were found in maternal sera than in cord sera. This discrepancy was investigated by measuring antibodies against the surface antigens of influenza A by a complement fixation technique, and by single radial haemolysis. Both methods showed a preponderance of virus-specific antibody in cord sera. We conclude that IgG antibodies against most, if not all, viruses are concentrated on the fetal side of the circulation, but that conventional haemagglutination-inhibition techniques may fail to detect this difference.

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Antibody responses and resistance to challenge in volunteers vaccinated with live attenuated, detergent split and oil adjuvant A2/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) influenza vaccines A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400063117 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 531-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

D. S. Freestone ◽

Stephanie Hamilton-Smith ◽

G. C. Schild ◽

Rosemary Buckland ◽

Susan Chinn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Medical Research Council ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Influenza B ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Adjuvant Vaccine ◽

H3n2 Influenza

SUMMARYForty-nine subjects were vaccinated with either live attenuated, detergent split, or oil adjuvant A2/Hong Kong influenza vaccines, or a saline influenza B vaccine as control. Respiratory symptoms occurred more frequently in subjects who received the live vaccine but in total there was little difference between the symptoms in the four groups. Antibody titres hi nasal washings and serum were measured by haemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition and virus neutralization tests. The oil adjuvant vaccine stimulated larger antibody responses than the other procedures. Six weeks after vaccination the volunteers were challenged with partially attenuated live A2/Hong Kong influenza virus administered intranasally. The live attenuated and oil adjuvant vaccines provided the best protection against challenge.

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A Reduced-Dose Seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Is Safe and Immunogenic in Adult and Elderly Patients in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.05619-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zoltan Vajo ◽

Ferenc Tamas ◽

Istvan Jankovics

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Reduced Dose ◽

Influenza A H1n1

ABSTRACTWith the recent pandemic of influenza A (H1N1) and vaccine shortages, there has been considerable interest in developing influenza vaccines with reduced doses, allowing for increased production capacity. Here we report a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical trial of a reduced-dose whole-virion inactivated, adjuvanted influenza vaccine in adult and elderly volunteers. A total of 234 subjects, including 120 adults (18 to 60 years of age) and 114 elderly subjects (>60 years of age) were enrolled to receive either 6 μg or the conventional 15-μg dose of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines. The subjects were followed for safety analysis, and serum samples were obtained to assess immunogenicity by hemagglutination inhibition testing. The subjects developed antibody responses against the seasonal influenza A virus H1N1 and H3N2 strains, as well as the seasonal influenza B virus included in the vaccines. Single doses of 6 μg fulfilled licensing criteria for seasonal influenza vaccines. No significant differences in rates of seroconversion or seroprotection or in geometric mean titers were found between the two dosage levels. All adverse events were rare, mild, and transient. We found that the present reduced-dose vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy adult and elderly subjects and triggers immune responses that comply with licensing criteria.

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Reinfection with influenza B virus in children: analysis of the reinfection influenza B viruses

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800051517 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Nakajima ◽

F. Nishikawa ◽

K. Nakamura ◽

H. Nakao ◽

K. Nakajima

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Primary Infection ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Antigenic Drift ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Japanese Children ◽

Antigenic Analysis ◽

Specific Amino Acid ◽

B Virus

SUMMARYInfluenza B virus reinfection in Japanese children was studied epidemi-ologically during 1979–91 and virologically during 1985–91. During this investigation, there were four epidemics caused by influenza B viruses, each of which accompanied antigenic drift. Between the epidemics in 1987/88 and 1989/90, the viruses changed drastically, both genetically and antigenically. The minimum rate of reinfection with influenza B virus during the whole period was 3–25% depending on the influenza seasons. The antigens of primary and reinfection strains of influenza B virus isolated from 18 children during 1985–90, which covered three epidemic periods, were studied by haemagglutination inhibition tests. The results showed that the viruses isolated in the 1984/85 and 1987/88 influenza seasons, which belonged to the same lineage, were antigenically close, and reinfection occurred with these viruses. The results of amino-acid analysis of the HA1 polypeptide of these viruses corresponded with those of antigenic analysis. There were no specific amino-acid changes shared by the primary infection and reinfection influenza B viruses; the patients were infected with the viruses epidemic at that time.

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