Chilean Communists, Radical Presidents and Chilean Relations with the United States, 1940–1947

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Barnard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Prestige

Founded in 1922, thePartido Comunista de Chile(PCCh) had a somewhat chequered career before the mid-1930s.1Although the prestige of its founder, Luis Emilio Recabarren, and its close ties with organized labour gave the party an early significance, its progress towards becoming an important force in Chilean politics halted abruptly when General Carlos Ibáñez came to power in 1927. Forced into clandestinity by Ibáñez, the party emerged on his downfall in 1931 with its membership vastly reduced, its trade union arm, theFederación Obrera de Chile(FOCH), moribund, and its remaining activists deeply divided by ideological, tactical and personal differences.

How to Build a Trade Union Oligarchy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Context ◽  
Free Communication ◽  
National Differences ◽  
United Automobile Workers ◽  
Occupational Communities

Trade unions are ostensibly democratic organizations, but they often fail to operate as democracies in practice. Most studies of Western trade union democracy have acknowledged that oligarchy is the norm among unions but have nonetheless examined exceptional democratic unions to understand how those unions defied the trend. My study inverts this approach and instead examines two known oligarchical unions, the Australian Workers Union (AWU) and the United Automobile Workers (UAW) in the United States. I argue that union oligarchy requires certain conditions to thrive. Both unions lacked democratic rules, close-knit occupational communities, local autonomy, rank-and-file decision making, internal opposition, equality between members and officials, and free communication, but these absences were expressed in different ways in each organization. Comparing a prominent US union with a prominent Australian union allows for assessment of the extent to which oligarchy was the result of national context. I argue that the experience of trade union oligarchy in the United States and Australia was more similar than different. National differences between the two countries were important, but they manifested primarily as different methods to achieve similar outcomes.

The United States and the European Trade Union Movement, 1944-1951.

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Frank Costigliola ◽  
Federico Romero ◽  
Harvey Fergusson II
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
European Trade

The Caleb Cushing Mission

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
The Far East ◽  
American Trade ◽  
The Prestige

American trade with China was ushered in by the voyage of the Empress of China to Canton in 1784. Within a few years commerce had become so profitable that the United States appointed Major Samuel Shaw to act as the American Consul in China. Very quickly the United States became the number two trader with China and the most serious rival to England. However, American ships were neither as large nor as numerous as those of the British East Indies Company and American merchants possessed neither the financial backing nor the prestige of their British counterpart. The United States was still a weak naval power and traders could not depend on any significant protection from the fleet. Furthermore, the Washington government was unable to exert any appreciable influence on Chinese authorities and they settled into a well-patterned position of following the British lead in the Far East.

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