scholarly journals Nutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth I. Versteeg ◽  
Dirk J. Stenvers ◽  
Andries Kalsbeek ◽  
Peter H. Bisschop ◽  
Mireille J. Serlie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System

Use of artificial light resulted in relative independence from the natural light–dark (LD) cycle, allowing human subjects to shift the timing of food intake and work to convenient times. However, the increase in artificial light exposure parallels the increase in obesity prevalence. Light is the dominant Zeitgeber for the central circadian clock, which resides within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, and coordinates daily rhythm in feeding behaviour and metabolism. Eating during inappropriate light conditions may result in metabolic disease via changes in the biological clock. In this review, we describe the physiological role of light in the circadian timing system and explore the interaction between the circadian timing system and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the acute and chronic effects of artificial light exposure on food intake and energy metabolism in animals and human subjects. We propose that living in synchrony with the natural daily LD cycle promotes metabolic health and increased exposure to artificial light at inappropriate times of day has adverse effects on metabolism, feeding behaviour and body weight regulation. Reducing the negative side effects of the extensive use of artificial light in human subjects might be useful in the prevention of metabolic disease.

scholarly journals Circadian Potency Spectrum with Extended Exposure to Polychromatic White LED Light under Workplace Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Moore-Ede ◽  
Anneke Heitmann ◽  
Rainer Guttkuhn
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity Curve

Electric light has enabled humans to conquer the night, but light exposure at night can disrupt the circadian timing system and is associated with a diverse range of health disorders. To provide adequate lighting for visual tasks without disrupting the human circadian timing system, a precise definition of circadian spectral sensitivity is required. Prior attempts to define the circadian spectral sensitivity curve have used short (≤90-min) monochromatic light exposures in dark-adapted human subjects or in vitro dark-adapted isolated retina or melanopsin. Several lines of evidence suggest that these dark-adapted circadian spectral sensitivity curves, in addition to 430- to 499-nm (blue) wavelength sensitivity, may include transient 400- to 429-nm (violet) and 500- to 560-nm (green) components mediated by cone- and rod-originated extrinsic inputs to intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which decay over the first 2 h of extended light exposure. To test the hypothesis that the human circadian spectral sensitivity in light-adapted conditions may have a narrower, predominantly blue, sensitivity, we used 12-h continuous exposures of light-adapted healthy human subjects to 6 polychromatic white light-emitting diode (LED) light sources with diverse spectral power distributions at recommended workplace levels of illumination (540 lux) to determine their effect on the area under curve of the overnight (2000–0800 h) salivary melatonin. We derived a narrow steady-state human Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity curve with a peak at 477 nm and a full-width half-maximum of 438 to 493 nm. This light-adapted Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity permits the development of spectrally engineered LED light sources to minimize circadian disruption and address the health risks of light exposure at night in our 24/7 society, by alternating between daytime circadian stimulatory white light spectra and nocturnal circadian protective white light spectra.

scholarly journals Metabolic disturbances: role of the circadian timing system and sleep

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Adhikary ◽  
Santosh Lal Shrestha ◽  
Jia Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System

scholarly journals The challenges of adolescent sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 20190080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Period ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Adolescent Sleep ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Adolescent Functioning

Sleep is vital for our physical, emotional and cognitive health. However, adolescents face many challenges where their sleep is concerned. This is reflected in their sleep patterns including the timing of their sleep and how much sleep they achieve on a regular basis: their sleep is characteristically delayed and short. Notably, insufficient sleep is associated with impairments in adolescent functioning. Endogenous and exogenous factors are known to affect sleep at this age. Alterations in the bioregulation of sleep, comprising the circadian timing system and the sleep/wake homeostatic system, represent the intrinsic mechanisms at work. Compounding this, environmental, psychosocial and lifestyle factors may contribute to shortened sleep. This review discusses the amount of sleep gained by adolescents and its implications, the challenges to adolescent sleep and the interventions introduced in an effort to prioritize sleep health in this important developmental period.

The circadian timing system in ethanol consumption and dependence.

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Damaggio ◽  
Michael R. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System

Visualizing jet lag in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral circadian timing system

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec J. Davidson ◽  
Oscar Castanon-Cervantes ◽  
Tanya L. Leise ◽  
Penny C. Molyneux ◽  
Mary E. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System
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