scholarly journals Gene–environment interplay between parent–child relationship problems and externalizing disorders in adolescence and young adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Samek ◽  
B. M. Hicks ◽  
M. A. Keyes ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
M. McGue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Parent Child

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that genetic risk for externalizing (EXT) disorders is greater in the context of adverse family environments during adolescence, but it is unclear whether these effects are long lasting. The current study evaluated developmental changes in gene–environment interplay in the concurrent and prospective associations between parent–child relationship problems and EXT at ages 18 and 25 years.MethodThe sample included 1382 twin pairs (48% male) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, participating in assessments at ages 18 years (mean = 17.8, s.d. = 0.69 years) and 25 years (mean = 25.0, s.d. = 0.90 years). Perceptions of parent–child relationship problems were assessed using questionnaires. Structured interviews were used to assess symptoms of adult antisocial behavior and nicotine, alcohol and illicit drug dependence.ResultsWe detected a gene–environment interaction at age 18 years, such that the genetic influence on EXT was greater in the context of more parent–child relationship problems. This moderation effect was not present at age 25 years, nor did parent-relationship problems at age 18 years moderate genetic influence on EXT at age 25 years. Rather, common genetic influences accounted for this longitudinal association.ConclusionsGene–environment interaction evident in the relationship between adolescent parent–child relationship problems and EXT is both proximal and developmentally limited. Common genetic influence, rather than a gene–environment interaction, accounts for the long-term association between parent–child relationship problems at age 18 years and EXT at age 25 years. These results are consistent with a relatively pervasive importance of gene–environmental correlation in the transition from late adolescence to young adulthood.

scholarly journals Education and alcohol use: A study of gene-environment interaction in young adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Barr ◽  
Jessica E. Salvatore ◽  
Hermine Maes ◽  
Fazil Aliev ◽  
Antti Latvala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

scholarly journals Genetic amplification and the individualization of the parent–child relationship across adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ludeke ◽  
W. Johnson ◽  
M. McGue ◽  
W. G. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Parent Child

BackgroundMany psychological traits become increasingly influenced by genetic factors throughout development, including several that might intuitively be seen as purely environmental characteristics. One such trait is the parent–child relationship, which is associated with a variety of socially significant outcomes, including mental health and criminal behavior. Genetic factors have been shown to partially underlie some of these associations, but the changing role of genetic influence over time remains poorly understood.MethodOver 1000 participants in a longitudinal twin study were assessed at three points across adolescence with a self-report measure regarding the levels of warmth and conflict in their relationships with their parents. These reports were analyzed with a biometric growth curve model to identify changes in genetic and environmental influences over time.ResultsGenetic influence on the child-reported relationship with parent increased throughout adolescence, while the relationship's quality deteriorated. The increase in genetic influence resulted primarily from a positive association between genetic factors responsible for the initial relationship and those involved in change in the relationship over time. By contrast, environmental factors relating to change were negatively related to those involved in the initial relationship.ConclusionsThe increasing genetic influence seems to be due to early genetic influences having greater freedom of expression over time whereas environmental circumstances were decreasingly important to variance in the parent–child relationship. We infer that the parent–child relationship may become increasingly influenced by the particular characteristics of the child (many of which are genetically influenced), gradually displacing the effects of parental or societal ideas of child rearing.

Problems of feeding, sleeping and excessive crying in infancy: a general population study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lise Olsen ◽  
Janni Ammitzbøll ◽  
Else Marie Olsen ◽  
Anne Mette Skovgaard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Excessive Crying ◽  
Parent Child

ObjectiveTo study regulatory problems (RPs) of feeding, sleeping and excessive crying in infancy, and explore the influence of maternal mental health problems and parent–child relationship problems.Design and settingData were collected in the general child health surveillance delivered to infant families by community health nurses (CHNs). Information on CHNs’ assessments and conclusions were obtained on 2598 infants and merged with data from national registers. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to study RPs in early and late infancy, and the influences due to child, family and parent–child relationship problems.ResultsCombined RPs (C-RPs), defined as two or more simultaneous problems of feeding, sleeping or excessive crying, was identified in 2.9% and 8.6% of the population between age 2–6 and 8–11 months, respectively. Low maternal schooling and immigrant parents were associated with an increased risk of late C-RPs, but RPs in early infancy stand out as the main predictor of late C-RPs OR 3.4 (95% CI 1.8 to 6.6), and the effect of early maternal mental health problems and parent–child relationship problems seem to be mediated by early C-RPs.ConclusionsCombined problems of feeding, sleeping or excessive crying may exist throughout infancy independently of exposures to maternal mental health problems and parent–child relationship problems. The results indicate that infants with RPs exceeding age 2 months need special attention, in clinical as well as community settings. Suggested intervention includes specific guidance to the parents to help them understand and regulate their infant’s sensitivity and reactions.

scholarly journals Antisocial peer affiliation and externalizing disorders: Evidence for Gene × Environment × Development interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Samek ◽  
Brian M. Hicks ◽  
Margaret A. Keyes ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractGene × Environment interaction contributes to externalizing disorders in childhood and adolescence, but little is known about whether such effects are long lasting or present in adulthood. We examined gene–environment interplay in the concurrent and prospective associations between antisocial peer affiliation and externalizing disorders (antisocial behavior and substance use disorders) at ages 17, 20, 24, and 29. The sample included 1,382 same-sex twin pairs participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. We detected a Gene × Environment interaction at age 17, such that additive genetic influences on antisocial behavior and substance use disorders were greater in the context of greater antisocial peer affiliation. This Gene × Environment interaction was not present for antisocial behavior symptoms after age 17, but it was for substance use disorder symptoms through age 29 (though effect sizes were largest at age 17). The results suggest adolescence is a critical period for the development of externalizing disorders wherein exposure to greater environmental adversity is associated with a greater expression of genetic risk. This form of Gene × Environment interaction may persist through young adulthood for substance use disorders, but it appears to be limited to adolescence for antisocial behavior.

scholarly journals Familial Effects on Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1933-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Kaufman-Parks ◽  
Alfred DeMaris ◽  
Peggy C. Giordano ◽  
Wendy D. Manning ◽  
Monica A. Longmore
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Parent Child

Research suggests violence in the family-of-origin is a consistent predictor of later intimate partner violence (IPV). However, prior empirical studies have also demonstrated that exposure to violence does not lead deterministically to violent behaviors in young adulthood. Given that family context entails more than simply the presence or absence of abuse, additional aspects of family life warrant examination. One such aspect is the quality of the parent–child relationship. Using five waves of data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study ( N = 950 respondents, 443 males and 507 females), the present study examined both main and interactive effects of parent–child physical aggression (PCPA) and parent–child relationship quality (PCRQ) in predicting adolescents’ and young adults’ IPV perpetration. Results indicated that both PCPA and PCRQ were key independent predictors of individuals’ IPV perpetration, but did not interact to produce cumulatively different risk. Important interactions between PCPA and gender, and PCRQ and age were also found.

scholarly journals Genetic Correlation and Gene–Environment Interaction Between Alcohol Problems and Educational Level in Young Adulthood*

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Latvala ◽  
Danielle M. Dick ◽  
Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson ◽  
Jaana Suvisaari ◽  
Richard J. Viken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

scholarly journals Close relationships and depression: A developmental cascade approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1451-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Goodman ◽  
Diana R. Samek ◽  
Sylia Wilson ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractPrevious research has shown that problematic parent–child, peer, and romantic partner relationships are associated with an increased likelihood for major depressive disorder (MDD). Less research has evaluated the developmental unfolding of how these interpersonal relationship features are both an antecedent versus a consequence of MDD symptoms from adolescence through young adulthood. These gaps were evaluated using a large community sample (N = 1,127; 54% female, 96% white) via a developmental cascade model. Results showed support for significant antecedent effects, as greater parent–child relationship problems at ages 11 and 17 predicted rank-order increases in MDD symptoms at ages 14 and 20. Supporting a developmental cascade of problematic social relationships, greater parent–child relationship problems at ages 11 and 14 also predicted greater subsequent rank-order increases in antisocial peer affiliation at ages 14 and 17. Greater affiliation to antisocial peers at age 20 predicted greater rank-order increases in romantic relationship problems at age 24, which in turn predicted greater MDD symptoms at age 29. Cross-effects were generally small (βs ≤ .16), illustrating other factors may be relevant to the development or consequences of MDD. Nonetheless, findings support the importance of efforts to strengthen social support networks to offset risk as well as potentially treat depression.

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