scholarly journals Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Han ◽  
W. H. Jung ◽  
J.-Y. Yun ◽  
J. W. Park ◽  
K. K. Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
Emotional Distraction

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with abnormal cognitive and emotional functions and these dysfunctions may be dependent on the disruption of dynamic interactions within neuronal circuits associated with emotion regulation. Although several studies have shown the aberrant cognitive–affective processing in OCD patients, little is known about how to characterize effective connectivity of the disrupted neural interactions. In the present study, we applied effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling to explore the disturbed neural interactions in OCD patients.MethodA total of 20 patients and 21 matched healthy controls performed a delayed-response working memory task under emotional or non-emotional distraction while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsDuring the delay interval under negative emotional distraction, both groups showed similar patterns of activations in the amygdala. However, under negative emotional distraction, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) exhibited significant differences between groups. Bayesian model averaging indicated that the connection from the DLPFC to the OFC was negatively modulated by negative emotional distraction in patients, when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected).ConclusionsExaggerated recruitment of the DLPFC may induce the reduction of top-down prefrontal control input over the OFC, leading to abnormal cortico-cortical interaction. This disrupted cortico-cortical interaction under negative emotional distraction may be responsible for dysfunctions of cognitive and emotional processing in OCD patients and may be a component of the pathophysiology associated with OCD.

Metabolic abnormality in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Eui Park ◽  
Nam-Gil Choi ◽  
Gwang-Woo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to evaluate metabolic changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsIn total, 14 OCD patients (mean age 28.9±7.2 years) and 14 healthy controls (mean age 32.6±7.1 years) with no history of neurological and psychiatric illness participated in this study. Brain metabolite concentrations were measured from a localised voxel on the right DLPFC using a 3-Tesla 1H-MRS.ResultsThe metabolic concentration of myo-inositol in patients with OCD increased significantly by 52% compared with the healthy controls, whereas glutamine/glutamate was decreased by 11%. However, there were no significant differences in N-acetylaspartate, choline, lactate and lipid between the two groups.ConclusionThese findings would be helpful to understand the pathophysiology of OCD associated with the brain metabolic abnormalities in the right DLPFC.

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Consequences on Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Reducing the Symptoms of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Shafiezadeh ◽  
◽  
Atiyeh Mohammadshirazi ◽  
Mansoureh Eshghi ◽  
Zahra Dokhaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent debilitating mental disorders that has a general rate of 2 to 3 percent prevalence. Previous studies indicated that there are abnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of OCD patients, so we decided to use transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to decline the symptoms of these patients. A total number of 24 OCD patients participated in this study with the hope of improvement after the application of tDCS. The subjects were randomly assigned into three groups as Sham, Right DLPFC, and Left DLPFC tDCS, and tDCS were applied for 5 consecutive days as in each session. The protocol was 2 mA current flow for two 15 minutes lasting period following by a 10 minutes rest in between (every session lasts for 40 minutes). Subsequently, the changes in obsessive-compulsive level and depression, anxiety, and stress followed that were evaluated via Yale-Brown and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) tests by comparing the results of pre-experiment and post-experiment. Ultimately, the results of the Yale-Brown test which evaluates OCD symptoms in Right DLPFC shows significant changes that have occurred after intervention with tDCS (average difference of the Right DLPFC with sham group -6.18 and P-value ≤ 0.01, and for the Left DLPFC with sham group 3.155 and P-value ≥ 0.05). The average DASS scores of pre and post-experiment in the Left DLPFC were -4.63, in the Right DLPFC was -6.62, and in the sham group was -5.13 subsequently. Hereupon, this study demonstrates that tDCS may cause improvements in OCD symptoms.

scholarly journals Effective connectivity during faces processing in major depression: Distinguishing markers of pathology, risk, and resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Sacu ◽  
Carolin Wackerhagen ◽  
Susanne Erk ◽  
Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth ◽  
Kristina Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Aberrant brain connectivity during emotional processing, especially within the fronto-limbic pathway, is one of the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a lack of systematic approaches in previous studies made it difficult to determine whether a specific alteration in brain connectivity reflects a cause, correlate, or effect of the disorder. The current study aimed to investigate neural mechanisms that correspond to disease, risk and resilience in major depression during implicit processing of emotion cues. Methods: Forty-eight patients with MDD, 49 first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and 103 healthy controls performed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used dynamic causal modelling to estimate task-dependent effective connectivity at the subject level. Parametric empirical Bayes was then performed to quantify group differences in effective connectivity. Results: Depressive pathology was associated with decreased effective connectivity from the left amygdala and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus, whereas familial risk for depression corresponded to decreased connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex to the left insula and from the left orbitofrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus. Resilience for depression was related to increased connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the depressive state alters top-down control of higher visual regions during the processing of emotional faces, whereas increased connectivity within the cognitive control network promotes resilience to depression.

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