Phytotoxicity of Demethylated Analogs of Diphenamid

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Diphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture

The phytotoxicity ofN,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide [diphenamid],N-methyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide, 2,2-diphenylacetamide, and 2,2-diphenylacetic acid was studied on tomatoes [Lycopersicon esculentumMill.], common lambsquarters [Chenopodium albumL.], redroot pigweed [Amaranthus retroflexusL.], and rape [Brassica napusL.], by means of nutrient solution culture techniques. Diphenamid was the most phytotoxic; 2,2-diphenylacetic acid was the least active. Only minor differences in the arithmetical means of the phytotoxicity indices existed in the phytotoxicity of theN-methyl and amide analogs of diphenamid.

Matricaria and Lambsquarter Control in Brassicas with Analogs of Propachlor

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Jaakko Mukula ◽  
W. A. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture

The compound 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) and five analogs were evaluated for the control of matricaria (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Schultz, syn. Matricaria inodora L.) and common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) in turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.), rape (Brassica napus L.), kale (Brassica oleracea L., var acephala DC.), and rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica Mill). Chemicals were assayed by using nutrient solution culture techniques at rates of 10-4 through 10-8M. N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide and 2-chloro-N-(propoxymethyl)-2',6'-acetoxylidide appear useful for the control of matricaria in brassicaceous crops commonly grown in Scandinavia.

Absorption of Na, Cl, and B by Desert Saltbush in Relation to Composition of Nutrient Solution Culture 1

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jerry Chatterton ◽  
C. M. McKell ◽  
F. T. Bingham ◽  
W. J. Clawson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture

Effects of Herbicides on Weeds and Sweetcorn (Zea mays) Grown on Coarse-Textured Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ogg ◽  
S. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] at 3.4 kg/ha, EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) + R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) at 4.5 + 0.4 and 9.0 + 0.8 kg/ha, vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) + R-25788 at 4.5 + 0.4 and 9.0 + 0.8 kg/ha, metolachlor [2-chloro N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 1.7 and 3.4 kg/ha, and metolachlor + procyazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(cyclopropylamino)1,3,5-triazine-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} at 1.3 + 1.3 kg/ha were preplant incorporated. These herbicides controlled 95% or more of the barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.], common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Powell amaranth (A. powellii S. Wats.), and yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.] without injuring sweetcorn (Zea mays L. ‘Golden Jubilee’) or reducing corn yields or quality. Similar results were obtained with preplant incorporated applications of butylate (S-ethyldiisobutylthiocarbamate) + R-25788 at 4.5 + 0.2 kg/ha followed by a postemergence application of the amine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 0.6 kg/ha. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] at 0.3 and 0.6 kg/ha and metribuzin + alachlor at 0.6 + 2.2 kg/ha applied preplant and incorporated reduced corn stands, primary ear production, and corn yields significantly. None of the herbicides significantly affected total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble solids, moisture content, or succulence of the corn.

Modeling Salinity Build-Up in Recirculating Nutrient Solution Culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Carmassi ◽  
L. Incrocci ◽  
R. Maggini ◽  
F. Malorgio ◽  
F. Tognoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture

Influence of Rainfall on the Phytotoxicity of Foliarly Applied 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Behrens ◽  
M. A. Elakkad
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Kaber

To study rainfall effects, simulated rainfall was applied to velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L. C. Wheeler var.pinnatifida(Stokes) L. C. Wheeler], soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hodgson’], and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) in greenhouse and field studies following foliar applications of the alkanolamine (AKA) salt or the butoxyethanol (BE) ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at rates that induced equivalent levels of phytotoxicity. Simulated rainfall less than 1 min after herbicide treatment reduced the phytotoxicity of the AKA salt of 2,4-D to a much greater extent than that of the BE ester with effects ranging from elimination of all injury from the AKA salt to soybeans to no reduction in phytotoxicity of the BE ester to common lambsquarters. The quantity of simulated rainfall required to induce maximum reductions in phytotoxicity of the BE ester ranged from 1 mm on common lambsquarters to 15 mm on velvetleaf. The time interval from 2,4-D treatment until rainfall required to achieve a phytotoxic response level of 80% of that attained without rainfall varied greatly among plant species and herbicide formulations; ranging from less than 1 min for the BE ester on common lambsquarters to more than 24 h for the AKA salt on velvetleaf. The addition of an alkylarylpolyoxyethylene glycol surfactant to 2,4-D spray solutions reduced herbicide rates required to induce equivalent levels of phytotoxicity, increased losses in phytotoxicity of the BE ester caused by rainfall, and reduced the time interval from treatment to rainfall required to attain an equivalent level of phytotoxicity with the AKA salt.

Response of Weed Seeds to Ethylene and Related Hydrocarbons

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Taylorson
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Common Purslane

AbstractGermination of seeds of 10 grass and 33 broadleaved weed species was examined for response to ethylene. Germination was promoted in nine species, inhibited in two, and not affected in the remainder. Of the species promoted, common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and several Amaranths, including redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), were affected most. Transformation of phytochrome to the active form (Pfr) gave interactions that ranged from none to syntergistic with the applied ethylene. In subsequent tests seeds of purslane, redroot pigweed, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), a species not responsive to ethylene, were examined for germination response to 14 low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases other than ethylene. Some stimulation by the olefins propylene and propadiene was found for purslane and pigweed. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were slightly stimulatory to purslane only.

Iron(II)–amino acid chelates alleviate salt-stress induced oxidative damages on tomato grown in nutrient solution culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ghasemi ◽  
Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh ◽  
Majid Afyuni ◽  
Hassan Hadadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture
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