Spread of Paraffinic Oil on Leaf Surfaces of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
William L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Mode Of Entry ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Water Sprays ◽  
Paraffinic Oil ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

Paraffinic oil applied at 2.3, 4.7, and 9.3 L/ha to the surface of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] leaves spread to provide complete coverage of the leaf surface. Soybean oil applied at the same volumes provided only 30 to 50% coverage of leaf surfaces. Water at 187 L/ha that contained 1.25% paraffinic oil adjuvant provided only about 30% coverage because spray droplets did not spread appreciably. Spread coefficients obtained when five different oil-soluble herbicides were applied to leaf surfaces in paraffinic oil were more than 100 times greater than when applied in water alone. Higher spread coefficients were obtained when paraffinic oil contained herbicides than when paraffinic oil was applied alone. Spread coefficients were also much greater for paraffinic oil alone than for soybean oil with or without herbicides. Stomata on johnsongrass leaves were distorted by paraffinic oil, suggesting that leaf surface wax was dissolved and this might be a mode of entry of herbicide into johnsongrass when applied in paraffinic oil. Stomata were unaffected by soybean oil or by water sprays that contained 1.25% soybean oil adjuvant or paraffinic oil adjuvant.

Tribological research of leaf-surface wax derived from plants of Pinaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Feng ◽  
Yichao Hu ◽  
Yanqiu Xia
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

scholarly journals Leaf Surface Wax as a Possible Resistance Factor of Barley to Cereal Aphids

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisaaki TSUMUKI ◽  
Katsuo KANEHISA ◽  
Kazuo KAWADA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

Variation among Inbred Lines of Maize for Leaf Surface Wax Composition

Crop Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Blaker ◽  
R. I. Greyson ◽  
D. B. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

Cell Membrane Stability and Leaf Surface Wax Content as Affected by Increasing Water Deficits in Maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. PREMACHANDRA ◽  
HIROHUMI SANEOKA ◽  
MUNEAKI KANAYA ◽  
SHOITSU OGATA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

scholarly journals Leaf-surface wax of desert plants as a potential lubricant additive

Friction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Xia ◽  
Xiaochun Xu ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Guoxiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Desert Plants ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

scholarly journals Interaction of surfactants with barley leaf surfaces: time-dependent recovery of contact angles is due to foliar uptake of surfactants

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Baales ◽  
Viktoria V. Zeisler-Diehl ◽  
Yaron Malkowsky ◽  
Lukas Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Barley Leaf

Abstract Main conclusion Time-dependent contact angle measurements of pure water on barley leaf surfaces allow quantifying the kinetics of surfactant diffusion into the leaf. Abstract Barley leaf surfaces were sprayed with three different aqueous concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 10%) of a monodisperse (tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether) and a polydisperse alcohol ethoxylate (BrijL4). After 10 min, the surfactant solutions on the leaf surfaces were dry leading to surfactant coverages of 1, 10 and 63 µg cm−2, respectively. The highest surfactant coverage (63 µg cm−2) affected leaf physiology (photosynthesis and water loss) rapidly and irreversibly and leaves were dying within 2–6 h. These effects on leaf physiology did not occur with the lower surfactant coverages (1 and 10 µg cm−2). Directly after spraying of 0.1 and 1.0% surfactant solution and complete drying (10 min), leaf surfaces were fully wettable for pure water and contact angles were 0°. Within 60 min (0.1% surfactant) and 6 h (1.0% surfactant), leaf surfaces were non-wettable again and contact angles of pure water were identical to control leaves. Scanning electron microscopy investigations directly performed after surfactant spraying and drying indicated that leaf surface wax crystallites were partially or fully covered by surfactants. Wax platelets with unaltered microstructure were fully visible again within 2 to 6 h after treatment with 0.1% surfactant solutions. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that surfactant amounts on leaf surfaces continuously disappeared over time. Our results indicate that surfactants, applied at realistic coverages between 1 and 10 µg cm−2 to barley leaf surfaces, leading to total wetting (contact angles of 0°) of leaf surfaces, are rapidly taken up by the leaves. As a consequence, leaf surface non-wettability is fully reappearing. An irreversible damage of the leaf surface fine structure leading to enhanced wetting and increased foliar transpiration seems highly unlikely at low surfactant coverages of 1 µg cm−2.

Wax Morphology and Gas Exchange of Peach and Apple Leaves as Influenced by Soybean Oil Emulsions and Rain

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 464a-464
Author(s):  
B. R. Bondada ◽  
C.E. Sams ◽  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
J.C. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Oil Emulsions

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of rain on retention of soybean oil emulsions and their influence on wax morphology and gas exchange of apple and peach leaves. Peach and apple trees were grown in 19-liter pots in a greenhouse (25 °C). Two different soybean oil emulsions were sprayed on trees in a randomized block design with five replications. Twenty-four hours after the oil sprays, the trees were subjected to three rainfall regimes, 0.25, 1.25, and 2.54 cm. The surface wax and the oil residue on leaves were determined gravimetrically after chloroform extraction. A negative relationship existed between rainfall and oil retention. Peach leaves receiving 0.25, 1.25, and 2.54 cm rainfall lost 19%, 62%, and 82% of the applied oil, respectively. There were no differences in oil retention between top, middle, and bottom layers of the canopy, indicating that leaf age did not influence oil retention. Oil residue loss from apple leaves was similar to that from peach. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the leaf wax morphology was not affected by the soybean oil emulsions and occurred as striations on both leaf surfaces. However, one of the emulsions partially washed off the waxes from apple leaf surfaces whereas the other emulsion did not exhibit this phenomenon. Furthermore, both of the soybean oil emulsions induced partial or full stomatal closure, which influenced stomatal conductance and transpiration.

The importance of leaf surface wax as short‐range attractant and oviposition stimulant in a generalist Lepidoptera

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 616-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Husne Mobarak ◽  
Anamika Koner ◽  
Saubhik Mitra ◽  
Paroma Mitra ◽  
Anandamay Barik
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Oviposition Stimulant ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax
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