Effect of Recycled Polymer Waste on Paraffinic Oil

Plastics has become the necessity of our daily life. Its production and consumption has been rising rapidly due to its wide range of application in the domestic and industrial usage. But due to its non-biodegradable nature, it cannot be easily decomposed in the environment and hence is a major issue of Environment pollution. So, nowadays new technology is being used to treat the waste plastic by a known chemical reaction - pyrolysis. Under the pyrolytic conditions and cracking process, the plastic wastes can be decomposed into three different states thereby the converted product can be reused in different processes. The waste plastics consisting of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was pyrolyzed using catalyst and the recovered crude was analyzed and used as flow improvers. The liquid hydrocarbons obtained from the Pyrolysis of waste polymer products was used as diluent to change the characteristics of crude oil. The aim of the research work is to evaluate the change in the flow when blended with the Crude oil of different place. The Crude oil was Blended with the recycled diluents were in different fractions of 5%, 15%, and 25% of diluent. The plastic pyrolysis oil were then tested in a with fractions of 5, 10 and 15 volume% of diluent and their performance and characteristics analyzed and compare with it. Keywords: Catalyst, Paraffinic Oil, Recycled waste, Pour Point, Blended Oil

Research of Temperature Conditions of Organic Sediments Formation in the Productive Formation at Paraffinic Oil Well Production

The paper presents the studies results of the temperature conditions for the formation of organic (asphalt-resin-paraffinic) deposits in the productive formation during the downhole production of paraffinic oil, including the results of experimental studies to assess the temperature of oil saturation with paraffin in the pore space of reservoir rocks. The studies were carried out in order to substantiate and develop a technology for preventing such deposits in the "reservoir - well" system. The results of filtration and rheological studies showed that for the same oil, the wax saturation temperature in the pore space of the reservoir rock could exceed the value of this parameter in the free volume. It was found that for the investigated solutions (models of highly paraffinic oils), the phase transition of paraffin from liquid to solid state, the formation of wax crystals in the pore space occured at a temperature 3-4° C higher than in the free volume. The results of tomographic studies of the core material, performed before and after filtration of a paraffin-containing solution through it with a decrease in temperature, showed that the open porosity of rock samples decreased on average four times due to the clogging of their pore space with paraffin. Based on the results of the filtration experiment and computed tomography, a digital core model was created, which allowed modeling the fluid flow in the pore space of the rock before and after the formation of paraffin deposits in it. The calculations results of the changes dynamics in the thermal field around the injection well confirmed the probability of cooling the bottomhole zone of the well to a temperature equal to the temperature of the onset of wax crystallization, as well as the probability of the cold water front advancing to neighboring production wells, which could cause a significant decrease in the productivity due to the formation of paraffin deposits in pore space of reservoir rocks. The research results are recommended to be taken into account when developing oil fields in conditions of possible formation of organic (asphalt-resin-paraffinic) deposits in the productive formation. This will make it possible to more reliably predict and effectively prevent its formation in the "reservoir - well" system.

Estimation of Energy Costs when Processing High-Paraffinic Oil in Rotary Impulse Apparatus

The regularities of changes in energy consumption to reduce the viscosity of highly paraffinic oil during processing in an installation based on a rotary impulse apparatus (RIA) are experimentally investigated. The decrease in oil viscosity during processing in RIA exceeds 40%. An increase in the amount of oil supply to the RIA makes it possible to reduce the specific energy consumption for its processing at the same relative value of the decrease in viscosity. Specific energy consumption decreases with an increase in oil consumption through the RIA according to the dependence close to the logarithmetic one.

Development of technologies for the pour point depressant treatment of an annular near-wall layer of oil pumped through a main pipeline

The technology of depressant utilization, which essentially depends on the method of its addition to oil, has a substantial impact on the efficiency of the main pipeline. Direct injection of a pour point depressant into the reservoir enables to maintain optimal conditions for oil processing, namely, to cool the oil at an optimal rate and, which is especially important, in static conditions. But in this case, significant capital investments will be required for mixing devices, devices for cooling oil, for the construction of additional tanks, etc. The addition of pour point directly into the pipeline (before or after the head pumping and heating stations) cannot provide optimal cooling conditions. This process does not significantly improve the rheological properties of oil as compared to the introduction of a depressant directly into the reservoir. The introduction of a pour point depressant directly into the pipeline will significantly reduce capital costs for processing highly paraffinic oil and the advantages of this method are obvious. The proposed method of depressant utilization will reduce their consumption, and energy consumption for heating oil. This goal is achieved by the fact that the pour point depressant is not added to the entire volume of highly paraffinic oil pumped through the pipeline, but only to the annular near-wall layer of oil in the pipe, thus creating a low-viscosity near-wall layer of the pumped highly paraffinic oil. This paper presents a scheme for the implementation of the proposed method and formulas for thermal calculations of the pipeline sections considering depressant addition to oil.

Study the Influence of Processing Oil on the Physical Mechanical and Adhesion Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Chlorobutyl Blend to Polyester Fabric

In this paper, the influence of paraffinic oil on the physical mechanical, thermal and adhesion properties of three blends of EPDM Buna EP T.6465, Keltan 5260Q and Keltan 6160 D and CIIR have been investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength values and elongation at break of keltan 5260Q/CIIR and keltan 6160 D/CIIR with 10 wt.% paraffinic oil represent the improvement of 57.8%, 57.6% and 71% to 81% respectively, compared with one without oil. The mean peel force of EPDM keltan 6260D with 10% oil loaded is about 36% and 32.5% higher than that of EPDM keltan 5260Q and EP.T 6465 blends respectively. With suitable oil content, in this case is 10% wt., the thermal resistance of keltan 5260 Q and 6160D seems to be higher than that of without processing oil and suitable for thermal resistance rubber application.

Effects of Food Bait and Trap Type on Captures of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Trap Bycatch in Southern California

Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) is an invasive pest responsible for killing thousands of ornamental Canary Islands date palms (Phoenix canariensis Chabaud) in San Diego County, CA. Two field experiments were conducted to compare the attractiveness of six different baits and two trap types. The tested baits were dates + water; dates + water + Saccharomyces cerevisiae; dates + water + S. bayanus; dates + water + S. pastorianus; 15% sugarcane molasses water solution mixed with 3% paraffinic oil, and a no bait control treatment. The two traps tested were white bucket traps (hanging 1.5 m above the ground and set on the ground) and black cone shaped Picusan traps (set on ground only). All traps were loaded with commercially available R. palmarum aggregation pheromone and the synergist ethyl acetate. Differences in weevil capture rates were observed across bait and trap types. Weevil captures were almost five times greater in Picusan traps compared to bucket traps that were hanging or placed on the ground. Adding dates and water alone or combined with S. cerevisiae to traps increased weevil captures compared to other baits and controls. Trap and bait types affected bycatch of nontarget arthropod species. In general, spiders, earwigs, and carabid beetles were most commonly recovered from Picusan traps, regardless of bait type. Scarab beetles, moths, and flies were found more frequently in bucket traps baited with molasses or dates mixed with S. bayanus. No effects of bait and trap type were associated with bycatch species richness.

Computational design applied to equilibrium-staged and rate-based absorption processes

Simulators are of great interest in Chemical Engineering because they facilitate process optimization and help evaluate different solutions through the so-called �what-if� approach. They include the most advanced thermodynamical models and complete libraries for the calculation of physicochemical properties and estimation of phase equilibria data which are successfully integrated in the process design. Moreover, simulators allow addressing both stationary and batch operations. For this reason, their use in the design of Industrial Chemistry processes has gained much acceptance in the last decades. Even so, simulations should be accompanied by another computational tool which allows the professionals to implement specific algorithms which relate inputs and outputs, so as to get the most out of the computing power. We herein exemplify how Aspen Plus and Mathcad Prime software packages were successfully integrated in a case study on the removal of carbon disulphide by contact with a paraffinic oil in an absorption tower. This absorption operation was studied in both trayed and packed columns. Regarding the first contact type, i.e. trays, Mathcad�s powerful programming tool and graphical interface enabled to corroborate and to better understand the effect of temperature on the number of theoretical stages previously observed with Aspen Plus.

Characterization of Rock and Fluid Properties for Low-Salinity Water Flooding of Highly Paraffinic Oil in a Deep Low-Permeability High-Pressure High-Temperature Offshore Carbonate Reservoir

Characterization of the rock and fluids is an essential step in screening a reservoir for Low-Salinity Water Flooding (LSWF). A detailed characterization of rock and fluid properties using appropriate methods is being presented for LSWF in a low-permeability deep carbonate reservoir together with a critical analysis of findings. The techniques used are assessed against other possible alternative methods, with inferences drawn on advantages and disadvantages of each to better interpret and apply data so gathered. In so doing, discussions on their key features as to how they can be used effectively and efficiently to screen a reservoir for LSWF are also provided. Such integration of results with other available reservoir and production data should result in a comprehensive description of the target reservoir, and it will help interpret the mechanisms and process dynamics more reliably during a low-salinity waterflood. This integration should allow us not only to gain confidence on the experimental studies but could also help optimize the key parameters responsible for formulating a more robust, reliable and representative regime for tests relevant to the LSWF prior to its eventual implementation in the field. To authors’ knowledge, such integration of experimental studies has not yet been reported in the literature, particularly for the tight carbonate reservoirs with highly paraffinic oil.