scholarly journals Coordinated programs for comet Halley

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Michael F. A'Hearn

Because comets are so difficult to observe, it is essential to coordinate observations from a variety of telescopes in order to fully understand their behavior. The apparition of Comet Halley represents a unique opportunity for coordinated programs because this is the only predictable comet which is routinely bright enough for the many observational programs desired. The International Halley Watch is playing an advocacy and coordinating role in the observations of Halley. Coordinated photographic observations will provide a record of the development of jets in the coma and of the motion of features in the tail. Coordinated photometry will provide both the heliocentric variation in vaporization and also the details of the outbursts thought to occur in most comets. Coordination with larger optical telescopes and with radio and infrared telescopes will allow a more complete understanding of the physical and chemical processes occurring in comets. Examples, of course, must still be drawn from observations of previous comets but they illustrate the results expected from Halley.

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.


1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Oldřich Pytela ◽  
Vítězslav Zima

The method of conjugate deviations based on the regression analysis has been suggested for construction of a new nucleophilicity scale. This method has been applied to a set of 28 nucleophiles participating in 47 physical and chemical processes described in literature. The two-parameter nucleophilicity scale obtained represents-in the parameter denoted as ND-the general tendency to form a bond to an electrophile predominantly on the basis of the orbital interaction and-in the parameter denoted as PD-the ability to interact with a centre similar to the proton (basicity). The linear correlation equation involving the ND, PD parameters and the charge appears to be distinctly better than the most significant relations used. The correlation dependences have the physico-chemical meaning. From the position of individual nucleophiles in the space of the ND and PD parameters, some general conclusions have been derived about the factors governing the reactivity of nucleophiles.


Author(s):  
Andrew Steane

The life of an ordinary tree is described, in terms of the main physical and chemical processes: carbon capture by photosynthesis; entropy and energy; moisture. The information expressed in the tree comes partly from the DNA and partly from the sunlight. The tree does not push upwards from the ground, but solidifies the air.


ACS Photonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3039-3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa N. Peters ◽  
Srujana Prayakarao ◽  
Samantha R. Koutsares ◽  
Carl E. Bonner ◽  
Mikhail A. Noginov

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 030401
Author(s):  
Roger Narayan ◽  
James Yoo ◽  
Anthony Atala

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Skalny ◽  
S. Matejcik ◽  
J. Orszagh ◽  
R. Vladoiu ◽  
N.J. Mason

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