6.10 Cupric Oxide Needles in Hypocuprosis in Sheep

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
A. Whitelaw
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Gelatin Capsule ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dosage Rate ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Mean Diameter

The work of Dewey (1977), in Australia, showed that the oral administration of cupric oxide wire (CuON), in lengths of between 5-10 mm and a mean diameter of 0.5 mm, at a dosage rate of 10 g in a gelatin capsule to mature sheep, produced a steady increase in liver copper (Cu) concentrations over 16 days to levels over 1000 mg/kg DM above the initial levels. The 'needles' lodged primarily between the abomasal folds and, by 64 days, were no longer detectable. In grazing conditions, a dose of 20 g was administered to sheep. At neither dosage level were deleterious effects noted. Suttle (1981) administered 0.5 g CuON to hypocupraemic ewes maintained on a Cu-deficient diet and alleviated hypocupraemia for 111 days when the diet was supplemented with molybdenum (Mo) and sulphur (S), and 301 days when the diet was not so supplemented.

The experimental production of ‘green yolks’ by the oral administration of sodium copper chlorophyllin

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair N. Worden ◽  
J. Bunyan ◽  
A. W. Davies ◽  
M. Kleissner
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Gelatin Capsule ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Chlorophyll Derivative ◽  
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin

1. A condition that appears to be identical with ‘green yolks’ as observed in natural cases has been reproduced by the oral administration in gelatin capsule of from 250 to 1000 mg. sodium copper chlorophyllin 100% daily for 4 days upwards to Light Sussex hens in second lay.2. Following suitable extraction procedures the presence of a chlorophyll derivative has been determined spectrophotometrically in the affected yolks.3. Quantities of sodium copper chlorophyllin of the order of 1 mg. have been recovered from affected yolks.4. It is considered that the passage of chlorophyll to the yolk indicates that intestinal absorption has occurred.

The ground recovery and drop spectra of sprays dispersed from two types of aircraft

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Royal Australian Air Force

Field trials were conducted to determine the ground recovery and drop spectra of the spray dispersed from aerial spraying apparatus attached to a Beaufort and to a Dakota aircraft, lent and operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. Samples of the spray deposit were taken over a 200-yard swathe on slides coated with magnesium oxide. The spray drops were sized and counted by means of a microscope fitted with an eyepiece graticule. The mean diameter of the drops recovered from the Beaufort over a swathe of 200 yards was 151 microns and the number per cm.² ranged from 0.5 to 80.7. From the Dakota the mean diameter was 133 microns and the number per cm2 from 1.8 to 43.7. The ground recovery of spray was estimated at 63 per cent. of the volume dispersed from the Beaufort and 72.8 per cent. of that from the Dakota. The drop spectrum of the recovered spray was found for each aircraft, and the percentage number and volume of each size group and their distriibution pattern revealed sources of wastage. The HU product (product of aircraft height and wind speed) used for the Beaufort appeared to be too low, but that for the Dakota was suitable. The effect on the dosage level of making successive runs is illustrated for each aircraft. The distribution of the drops to be expected on the basis of their terminal velocities and the HU product is shown, and possible reasons for variations of the actual from the expected distribution are discussed. The distribution from the Beaufort approximated to that calculated but from the Dakota the actual distribution was inferior to that expected. Observations on drop behaviour were made and, in conjunction with the distribution data, led to certain conclusions on the optimum size of drop. The effect on distribution of removing certain fractions of the spray was estimated. It was concluded from the results of the experiments that for general aerial spraying purposes the Dakota modification is more satisfactory than the Beaufort but that further improvements were both desirable and practicable. The principles on which further improvements should be based are discussed.

HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION IN EWES DURING THEIR NORMAL BREEDING SEASON

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Sheikh Saif-Ur Rahman ◽  
W. D. Kitts
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Intramuscular Injections

Injected or orally-administered progestagens have been shown to synchronize estrus in mature ewes during their normal breeding season. Oral administration of 6–methyl-17-αα-acetoxyprogesterone (MAP) or 6-chloro-Δ6-dehydro-17-acetoxyprogesterone (CAP) for 10 days was more effective in synchronizing estrus than intramuscular injections of repositol progesterone. CAP appeared to be more active in controlling breeding activity than MAP (2.5 mg CAP per head vs. 60 mg MAP per head). The administration of 2.5 mg CAP per head per day for 18 days was as effective as the feeding of 3.5 mg per head per day for 10 days. CAP, at a dosage level of 2.5 mg, administered over a 10-day period to motivate first post-treatment estrus, was more effective when injected intramuscularly than when administered orally. The administration of Pregnant Mare Serum did not result in an increase of lambing percentage.

Large bowel transit times using radiopaque markers in normal cats

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Fucci ◽  
RD Pechman ◽  
CS Hedlund ◽  
CS Venugopalan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Gelatin Capsule ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Abdominal Radiographs ◽  
Radiopaque Markers ◽  
Similar Evaluation

Seven normal, young adult, female cats each had its colon evacuated with warm-water enemas (at 24 hours, 12 hours, and one hour) before oral administration of a gelatin capsule containing 20 radiopaque markers to determine normal colonic transit times. Abdominal radiographs were taken twice daily until all markers were expelled. There were no significant differences between animals or trials (p = 0.05 or less). Markers accumulated in the first section of large bowel within eight hours. Evacuation from the colon took another 40 hours. Cecum (right side midline), left side midline, and rectum were defined radiographically. This study establishes large bowel transit times in normal cats and provides the basis for similar evaluation in constipated cats.

Ease of oral administration and owner-perceived acceptability of triglyceride oil, dissolving thin film strip, and gelatin capsule formulations to healthy cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Traas ◽  
Timothy Fleck ◽  
Andrea Ellings ◽  
Sean Mahabir ◽  
Kathy Stuebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Gelatin Capsule
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