copper concentration
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Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Weiwei Huang ◽  
Weiguang Lv ◽  
Huaqiang Chu ◽  
Weiwei Lv ◽  
Wenzong Zhou ◽  
...  

Combined microalgal and membrane filtration could effectively treat aquaculture wastewater; however, the membrane fouling induced by extracellular organic matter (EOM) during the dewatering process is an issue. This study investigated diatomite dynamic membrane (DDM) fouling behaviour during the dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the influence of copper ions. The results indicate that copper ion heavy metals in aquaculture wastewater significantly affected purification and algae dewatering by DDM. Aquaculture wastewater with a high copper concentration (1 and 0.5 mg/L) could induce serious DDM fluxes and cake layer filtration resistance (Rc), whereas fewer filtration fluxes were induced when aquaculture wastewater had a low copper concentration, particularly that of 0.1 mg/L, at which the Rc was lowest and the concentration effect was highest. Macromolecular organics of EOM, such as biopolymers, polysaccharides, and proteins, were responsible for DDM fouling and accumulated mostly in the slime layer, whereas only a small amount of them accumulated in the diatomite layer. The DDM rejected more protein-like organics of EOM in the slime layer when dewatering algae at low copper concentrations (<0.1 mg/L); however, when using the DDM to dewater algae at high copper concentrations, more polysaccharides of EOM were rejected (0.5 < Cu2+ < 5 mg/L). This result has significant ramifications for aquaculture wastewater treatment as well as algae separation and concentration by the DDM.


2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012114
Author(s):  
Mishaal Ali Mohammed

Abstract The research included a study on the presence of some heavy metals, including copper, iron and zinc in some medicinal plants circulating in the city of Mosul, as well as the study of the presence of cyanide in some other plants, when measuring the concentration of iron in saffron was less concentrated among plants of 0.797 mg/kg, followed by anise 7.3417 mg/kg, followed by mint 10.87 mg/kg. Kg and high concentrations appeared in the coriander plant, where the iron concentration was 486.6 mg/kg, ginger bread 396.49 mg/kg and corn 200.1 mg/kg and Marjoram 154.2 mg/kg, either Measuring the concentration of potters in medicinal plants in saffron plant was the lowest concentration of all plants used in the study and was 0.304 mg/kg followed by anise 7.8 mg/kg, followed by oranges 17.58 mg/kg, and high concentrations of coriander 179.2 mg/kg, ginger 111.3 mg/kg, while measuring of the concentration of copper in the medicinal plants used in the study the ratio of copper in saffron was low and amounted to 0.377 mg/kg (Dry weight), the highest concentration of copper was in the coriander plant, which was 120.922 mg/kg, ginger copper concentration was 50.78 mg/kg, and for the rest of the plants the concentration of copper ranged from (2.93 to 36.1) 22 mg/kg), while when measuring the iron ratio in the medicinal plants used in the study, and in a study The concentration of cyanide in plants (diphtheloide, apple seeds, perfalathseeds, henna seeds, castor seeds) by Spectrophotometer has been obtained different cyanide concentrations in these plants in the diphtherty the highest ratio of cyanide is 71.4 micrograms/30g (dry weight) followed by castor seeds 64.05 micrograms/30g, followed by henna seeds 31.36 mcg/30g, while in apple seeds the concentration of cyanide was 29.6 μg/30g and orange seeds 10.95 mcg/30g.


Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Germán A. Moraga ◽  
Nathalie E. Jamett ◽  
Pía C. Hernández ◽  
Teófilo A. Graber ◽  
María E. Taboada

In Chile, the hydrometallurgical plants are operating below their capacity due to a depletion of copper oxide ores. To obtain suitable pregnant leach solutions (PLSs) for hydrometallurgical plants, leaching solutions combining iodine-based oxidants and hydrogen peroxide in a chloride–acid medium, at room temperature and pressure were studied. Factorial experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the different leaching solution reagents (KI, NaIO3, NaCl, H2O2, and H2SO4). The results showed that the most influential variable is the H2O2 concentration; increasing the PLS concentration from 3 g/L to 15 g/L increased the copper extraction percentage by ~25%. In decreasing order of importance, the factorial experimental results showed that the H2O2, H2SO4, NaCl, NaIO3, and KI concentrations affect the copper extraction percentage. The highest copper extraction percentage (i.e., 60.6%) was obtained using a leaching solution containing the highest reagent concentrations. At these conditions, the copper concentration in the PLS was 16.9 g/L. An economic evaluation of the laboratory-scale leaching experiments showed an increase in the unit cost (USD/t Cu) for experiments involving leaching solutions without H2O2 because of poor copper concentration in the PLS. As the concentrations of the reagents NaIO3 and KI, increase, the unit cost increases, because the reagents are relatively expensive and have a limited effect on the copper extraction percentage.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena K. Vatamaniuk ◽  
Ju-Chen Chia ◽  
Jiapei Yan ◽  
Maryam Rahmati Ishka ◽  
Marta Marie Faulkner ◽  
...  

Copper and iron are micronutrients but are toxic when they accumulate in cells in excess. Crosstalk between copper and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana has been documented and includes iron accumulation under copper deficiency and vice versa. However, molecular components of this crosstalk are not well understood. Iron concentration in the phloem has been suggested to act systemically, negatively regulating iron uptake to the root. Consistently, systemic iron signaling is disrupted in A. thaliana mutants lacking the phloem companion cell-localized iron transporter, AtOPT3, and opt3 mutants hyperaccumulate iron. Here, we report that in addition to iron, AtOPT3 transports copper and mediates copper loading to the phloem for delivery from sources to sinks. As a result of this function, the opt3-3 mutant accumulates less copper in the phloem, roots, developing leaves and embryos compared to wild type, is sensitive to copper deficiency, and mounts transcriptional copper deficiency response. Because copper deficiency has been shown to stimulate iron accumulation, we propose that reduced copper concentration in the phloem of the opt3-3 mutant and its constitutive copper deficiency contribute to iron overaccumulation in its tissues. Our data assign new transport capabilities to AtOPT3 and increase understanding of copper - iron interactions and signaling.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Akhtar Hussain ◽  
Waqar Adil Syed ◽  
Shafqat Nabi ◽  
Qurat ul Ain Asif

Author(s):  
J. Autukaitė ◽  
V. Juozaitienė ◽  
R. Antanaitis ◽  
I. Poškienė ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
...  

Background: Copper supplementation in ruminants deserves special attention because of the narrow margin between deficiency and toxicity. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between the Cu concentration and other blood parameter values having taken into consideration their physiological limits based on the variation of copper concentration in the three different sheep breeds. Methods: Sixty sheep (35±5 kg) kept on the same farm were studied: the Suffolk (n = 20), the Merino (n = 20) and the Lithuanian blackhead (n = 20). The sheep were selected according to the following parameters: 3.5±0.3 years old, not pregnant during the entire investigation period, clinically healthy. All sheep were kept under the same conditions and throughout the year, were fed at the same time the same ration balanced according to their physiological needs. Individual blood samples were collected on the same day, on monthly basis for the period of one year (April 2018 to May 2019). Blood biochemical parameters as well blood haematology and cortisol concentration were analysed.Result: The highest average value of copper concentration was found in the Merino breed. The study has shown that the lowest number of blood samples with the levels of copper meeting the physiological limit values was found in the native Lithuanian blackhead sheep at the end of the grazing period and in the Merino and the Suffolk breeds - during the coldest winter months. The increase in copper concentration could be related to the stress caused due to the changes in dietary conditions, the variations of ambient temperature and different breed response to these factors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianghao Chen

Soil Cell is a novel Low-Impact Development practice that is suitable for densely developed urban environment. This thesis seeks to gain further understanding of soil cell’s performance in terms of water quality and quality control; and to assess the exfiltration performance of perforated pipe in soil cells by monitoring an active cell. The monitoring result showed that the cell was very effective in treating particulate (90% concentration reduction), metal (91% lead concentration reduction to 53% copper concentration reduction) and phosphorus (74% concentration reduction). The cell was ineffective in treating chloride (1% concentration increase, no statistical significance) and even caused nitrate leaching (65% concentration increase). Field performance of the soil cell indicated that the inflow perforated backed up frequently, restricting the flow into the cell but laboratory testing of the perforated pipes’ hydraulic performance confirms that the pipe has a sufficient capacity to convey the flows of up to 10 L/s.


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