scholarly journals New Developments in Biotechnology U.S. Investment in Biotechnology

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Federal Support ◽  
Support Of Research

Twelve federal agencies and one cross agency program spent roughly $2.7 billion in fiscal year 1987 in support of research and development in biotechnology, according to a report by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that was released today. Federal support of biotechnology has increased every year since 1984.The National Institutes of Health contributed by far the largest share of federal support, approximately $2.3 billion, or 84%; the Department of Defense, $119 million, the National Science Foundation, $93.8 million; the U.S. Department of Agriculture, $84 million, and the Department of Energy $61.4 million, OTA reports.

The Nonuse of Psychological Research at Two Federal Agencies

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal R. Arkes
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
National Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proposal Review ◽  
The Government

In 1994 the Government Accounting Office (GAO) issued a report critical of some features of the proposal review processes at the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. I provide two examples of procedures the agencies could have adopted to address the GAO's criticisms. I also relate the history of the two agencies' reluctance to use the psychological research literature to guide them as their new review procedures were instituted. Finally, I enumerate possible reasons for the agencies' decision not to follow or even test suggestions based on the judgment and decision-making research literature.

scholarly journals Understanding Human Readiness Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1765-1769
Author(s):  
George Salazar ◽  
Judi E. See ◽  
Holly A. H. Handley ◽  
Richard Craft
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Systems Integration ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Human Systems Integration ◽  
Level Scale

The Human Readiness Levels (HRL) scale is a simple nine-level scale developed as an adjunct to complement and supplement the existing Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) scale widely used across government agencies and industry. A multi-agency working group consisting of nearly 30 members representing the broader human systems integration (HSI) community throughout the Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Energy (DOE), other federal agencies, industry, and academia was established in August 2019. The working group’s charter was to mature the HRL scale and evaluate its utility, reliability, and validity for implementation in the systems acquisition lifecycle. Toward that end, the working group examined applicability of the HRL scale for a range of scenarios. This panel will discuss outcomes from the working group’s activities regarding HRL scale structure and usage.

The Federal Budget in the Executive Branch

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Robert L. Post
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Budget Request ◽  
Federal Budget Process

This is the second of a short series on the federal budget process. Here, we will focus on how the science budget is set inside the Executive Office of the President. The main players here are the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP).The budget process for a given fiscal year starts in the agencies. For example, the fiscal year 1991 budget request to Congress was put together by the agencies during the winter, spring and summer of 1989. In the Department of Energy (DOE) for example, budget requests are obtained from the field offices. Typically, these requests are an exercise in optimism, founded on the time-honored notion that you are certain to get nothing if you don't at least ask.In any event, DOE headquarters staff, after receiving these requests, pare down the totals in a process not unlike that followed within the OMB. This can resuit in weeping and gnashing of teeth at the field offices even at this early stage. While not generally appreciated, OMB staff can often do much of their budget cutting work before even receiving the formal budget request by a judicious combination of friendly advice, jawboning or more extreme measures which this writer will not go into. (On a more positive note, previous administration guidance—e.g., a planned doubling of the National Science Foundation (NSF) budget in five years, or a commitment to a given schedule for space probes, satellites, etc., in the case of NASA—can largely “hard wire” the budget process before the budget submission to OMB).

the impact of budget cuts on the atmospheric sciences in universities

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 586-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Orr Roberts ◽  
Edwin L. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
National Science ◽  
The University ◽  
Science Departments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergency Measures

When the National Science Foundation and other Federal agencies imposed Fiscal Year 1969 expenditure limits on U. S. universities late last summer, it was expected that the impact would create extensive difficulties, especially because the cuts came too late for anything but emergency measures. This view has been corroborated, at least in one area of science, through a questionnaire circulated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and answered by atmospheric science departments at 25 U. S. universities.

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