Commerce Department Controls on Exports of “Dual Use” and Lower-Level Military Goods, Software, and Technology

Chapter 1 covers U.S. government controls on exports, reexports, and transfers of “U.S.-origin” goods, software, and technology that are commercial, “dual-use” (i.e., having both civilian and military uses), and low-level military in nature. These are governed principally by the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), which are administered by the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security. The chapter explains: what kinds of items are subject to the EAR; the various bases for the EAR’s restrictions; how to determine whether your product or technology is covered and, if so, whether you will need a license to export or reexport it; how to get a license if one is required; how to clear and document the actual export; and the potential penalties for violating the rules. The chapter also explains how the EAR relate to the regulatory regimes covered in other parts of the book.

STUDENTS READINESS FOR ONLINE LEARNING: CASE STUDY ON COMMERCE DEPARTMENT’S STUDENTS POLITEKNIK KUCHING SARAWAK

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on the country's education system. Regardless of the administrator and the teaching staff, the students are also affected by this situation. The Ministry of Higher Education has decided that the Online Teaching and Learning method (Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Dalam Talian, PdPDT) will be implemented at the Polytechnic level, especially for the June 2020 session. The main purpose of this study is to identify the level of readiness and motivation of students of the Commerce Department Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak on the implementation of PdPDT. The study also examined the relationship between motivation and the level of readiness of students to follow online learning. Quantitative data is collected through a questionnaire distributed online to all active students of the Commerce Department who will attend lectures in the June 2020 session (excluding students who are undergoing Industrial Training and semester 1 students intake June 2020). A pilot study conducted found that the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.970 and it showed a high level of reliability for the items tested. The scope of this study leads to the level of readiness and level of motivation of students only. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Overall, the level of readiness (mean score: 3.40) and level of motivation (mean score: 3.32) of students of the Commerce Department on the implementation of online learning is at a moderate level. Respondents responded positively to PdPDT in assisting the new normal teaching and learning process.

E-COMMERCE CHALLENGES AMONG DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDENTS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Digital Entrepreneurship Course (Digital Entrepreneurship) is a common core course that must be taken by Diploma level students at the Department of Commerce, Malaysian Polytechnic. The course offering aims to produce entrepreneurs who are able to conduct business online in line with the development of IR4.0. This study was conducted to identify the challenges faced by Merlimau Polytechnic Digital Entrepreneurship’s students and the differences faced by students based on the duration of business experiences and programme studies. This survey research using a quantitative approach was conducted on 113 students in the Commerce Department, as a sample to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire has 15 items questions covering three aspects of the study namely technical and knowledge, security, and finance. Research data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study found that the challenge of e-commerce among Digital Entrepreneurship students is at a moderate level between 2.93 to 3.29. The findings of the study also found that there was no significant difference between e-commerce challenges on the duration of business experience p (113) = 0.466 and programme studies with the value of p (113) = 0.594. The effect of offering these courses can polish students' skills to become entrepreneurs and provide experience in facing the challenges of doing business online. It can also be used as a guide to lecturers and curriculum in producing teaching content aligned to the organization's objectives to develop holistic, entrepreneurial, and balanced TVET graduates through dynamic education comply with the industrial revolution (IR4.0).

E-Commerce Feasibility Analysis and Strategic Planning to Develop a Small-Medium Enterprise Project in Banking Company

The research aimed to identify the problem and the need to develop a small-medium enterprise project in a banking company. The analysis used a literature study, interviews, and observations. The results of the analysis supported the problem and were manifested in the development of information systems in the form of a recommendation for an e-commerce web design. The method consisted of data collection, data analysis and depth interview with Head of E-Commerce Department and Head of Marketing Communication in two days. The result shows that the banking company already uses Bukalapak to enhance their sales and brand. However, based on research, Facebook and Twitter also can be an option to enhance clients’ market access.

Produk Unggulan Sebagai Daya Saing Daerah Studi Pengembangan UKM Di Kabupaten Brebes

The purpose of this study is to improve competitiveness in Brebes District. This research uses qualitative research with common keywords. The study was conducted in Brebes District, covering the targeted area of the OVOP program as a manifestation of superior product development, and the Ministry of Industry and Commerce Department of Cooperatives and SMEs as the main data centers. Data analysis using descriptive qualitative by using description based on data available on research object. The results showed that excellent products in Brebes District as an effort to improve the competitiveness of regions have not achieved optimal results. From several excellent products available in Brebes District, only two products are included in the main target, that is implementation of salted eggs and seaweed, while other production centers are still in development stage. However, the activities undertaken show considerable prospective improvements, including increased production volumes and new product variations as a result of fostering and developing creativity and entrepreneurial innovation. As a supporting factor, including the Brebes District Government which has a strong commitment to implement the OVOP program on an ongoing basis, which is a superior resource that can be used as a flagship. Sources of funds, human resources and infrastructure needs, especially for groups that can be used as capital to conduct OVOP activities as a whole. Stages of activities have been carried out appropriately and in accordance with their respective rules, although there are indications of overlap in coaching as there are no clear boundaries in defining individual business categories, and industry groups.

The Importance of Takaful (Islamic Insurance) among Commerce Department Staff in POLIMAS

Takaful insurance has the same function as the conventional insurance. However, both are different in term of operation. Takaful is a type of Islamic insurance, where member contribute money into a pooling system in order to guarantee each other against losses or damage that may inflict upon any of them by contributing as tabarru or donation in the Takaful funds. Takaful branded insurance is based on sharia, Islamic religious law and explain how it is the responsibility of individuals to corporate and protect each other. Takaful insurance is very important for us because it is for our future. Purchasing the insurance is the good idea. This paper attempt to determine the importance Takaful insurance toward people especially parents, using Polimas staff from Commerce department as respondent. The researcher intends to determine the importance Takaful insurance based on independent variable; protection, product feature, saving and services quality. It important to make sure that their customer always exceed their expectation toward takaful and its product. The objective of this research is to identify the important level of Takaful insurance among commerce department staff, determine the most factor that influence commerce department staff to purchase Takaful insurance and identify the commerce department staff expectation towards Takaful insurance. This research is an exploratory by using quantitative method. The purpose of the research was designed to measure the importance Takaful (Islamic insurance) towards commerce department staff in Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (POLIMAS). This research were analyzed by descriptive analysis on the questionnaire that relevant with our objective base on independent and dependent variable. This research employed a population of commerce department staff were chosen as a sample of research randomly. Total sample chosen is based on Krejcie and Morgan table [1]

Energy storage advances could increase vanadium prices

Subject The market for vanadium is expanding. Significance The price of ferrovanadium (FeV), one of the two key products containing vanadium, has risen by nearly 300% since the start of 2017 to close to 80 dollars per kilogram (kg). China’s increasingly stringent environmental regulations have contributed, notably this year’s ban on importing many types of waste (previously a main source of vanadium slag). Electricity storage demand has also contributed -- batteries used 3,000 tonnes of vanadium in 2017, twice as much as the year before. Impacts The US commerce department could restrict uranium imports; this could incentivise domestic mining, producing more vanadium as a byproduct. Use of titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloys is rising in aircraft manufacturing; the new Boeing and Airbus models each use up to 100 tonnes. Rising vanadium prices could incentivise steel producers to increase substitution with cheaper ferroniobium. Economic sanctions that affect Russian steelmaking and mining firm Evraz could reduce global availability of ferrovanadium.

‘Panditji Knows Best’

Unlike most other departments that made the transition from the colonial to the postcolonial regime, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) underwent a fundamental transition of both personnel and ideas. Although there existed three different Departments—the Commonwealth Relations Department and the External Affairs Department and the Commerce Department—which handled different aspects of foreign affairs, there were only four Indians who had served as diplomats abroad. Hence, it was not only the question of recruiting new staff, but also training them in a new skill, diplomacy. The chapter argues that there were five main reasons for the ideational weakness of the MEA in the first decade of Indian independence: the tendency towards greater bureaucratization, the lack of communication, the neglect of thinking on economic issues, the blind imitation of British protocols and policy traditions, and the lack of organizational unity. These factors contributed towards the weak foundations of the MEA.