scholarly journals Monodialectal and multidialectal infants’ representation of familiar words

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMANTHA DURRANT ◽  
CLAIRE DELLE LUCHE ◽  
ALLEGRA CATTANI ◽  
CAROLINE FLOCCIA
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Homogenous Group ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Preferential Looking ◽  
Dialect Variation

ABSTRACTMonolingual infants are typically studied as a homogenous group and compared to bilingual infants. This study looks further into two subgroups of monolingual infants, monodialectal and multidialectal, to identify the effects of dialect-related variation on the phonological representation of words. Using an Intermodal Preferential Looking task, the detection of mispronunciations in familiar words was compared in infants aged 1;8 exposed to consistent (monodialectal) or variable (multidialectal) pronunciations of words in their daily input. Only monodialectal infants detected the mispronunciations whereas multidialectal infants looked longer at the target following naming whether the label was correctly produced or not. This suggests that variable phonological input in the form of dialect variation impacts the degree of specificity of lexical representations in early infancy.

Imitation in a Second Language Relies on Phonological Categories but Does Not Reflect the Productive Usage of Difficult Sound Contrasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Llompart ◽  
Eva Reinisch
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Perceptual Categorization ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Phonological Categories ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between imitation and both the perception and production abilities of second language (L2) learners for two non-native contrasts differing in their expected degree of difficulty. German learners of English were tested on perceptual categorization, imitation and a word reading task for the difficult English /ɛ/-/æ/ contrast, which tends not to be well encoded in the learners’ phonological inventories, and the easy, near-native /i/-/ɪ/ contrast. As expected, within-task comparisons between contrasts revealed more robust perception and better differentiation during production for /i/-/ɪ/ than /ɛ/-/æ/. Imitation also followed this pattern, suggesting that imitation is modulated by the phonological encoding of L2 categories. Moreover, learners’ ability to imitate /ɛ/ and /æ/ was related to their perception of that contrast, confirming a tight perception-production link at the phonological level for difficult L2 sound contrasts. However, no relationship was observed between acoustic measures for imitated and read-aloud tokens of /ɛ/ and /æ/. This dissociation is mostly attributed to the influence of inaccurate non-native lexical representations in the word reading task. We conclude that imitation is strongly related to the phonological representation of L2 sound contrasts, but does not need to reflect the learners’ productive usage of such non-native distinctions.

scholarly journals Supra-segmental Details in Early Lexical Representations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
James Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Familiar Word ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Preferential Looking

Recent studies have indicated that toddlers as young as 19 months old already have sophisticated phonological details in their lexical representations. Studies using word recognition tasks have also found that toddlers had graded sensitivities to varying degrees of mispronunciation changes in word onsets and vowels. However, existing studies have primarily investigated sensitivities to segments (vowels and consonants). Less is known about toddlers’ early lexical representations of supra-segmental units such as lexical tones. Unlike segmental units such as vowels and consonants, supra-segmental information is primarily carried across syllables. Phonetically, changes in supra-segmental units are broadly achieved by varying toddlers’ lexical representations of supra-segments. 19-month-old monolingual Mandarin learning toddlers were tested on their sensitivities to varying degrees of familiar word mispronunciations of lexical tones using the intermodal preferential looking paradigm (IPLP). The findings suggested that as toddlers’ sensitivities to mispronunciations increased as a function of the degree of the deviations from the correct forms, replicating previous studies for word-initial consonants and vowels. Therefore, 19-month-olds’ lexical representations appear to contain well-refined architecture in the supra-segmental dimensions.

Mastitis in early infancy

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Navratil ◽  
T. Stricker ◽  
F. H. Sennhauser
Keyword(s):  
Early Infancy

Problems of early infancy.

1948 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Early Infancy

126-OR: Fat Catch-Up Growth in Early Infancy and Cardiometabolic Outcomes at 5 Years of Age

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 126-OR
Author(s):  
GREGERS S. ANDERSEN ◽  
RASMUS WIBAEK ◽  
BITIYA ADMASSU ◽  
DORTE VISTISEN ◽  
MARIT E. JØRGENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Infancy ◽  
Catch Up

More Alike Than Unalike: Cross-language Similarity Influences Novel Word Lexicalization in Bilingual Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Palma ◽  
Marie-France Marin ◽  
k onishi ◽  
Debra Titone
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Novel Word Learning ◽  
Cross Language

Although several studies have focused on novel word learning and consolidation in native (presumably monolingual) speakers, less is know about how bilinguals add novel words to their mental lexicon. Here, we trained 33 English-French bilinguals on novel word-forms that were neighbors to “hermit” English words (i.e., words with no existing neighbors). Importantly, these English words varied in terms of orthographic overlap with their French translation equivalent (i.e., cognates vs. noncognates). We measured explicit recognition of the novel neighbors and the interaction between novel neighbors and English words through a lexical decision task, both before and after a sleep interval. In the lexical decision task, we found evidence of immediate facilitation for English words with novel neighbors, and evidence of competition after a sleep interval for cognate words only. These results suggest that higher quality of existing lexical representations predicts an earlier onset for novel word lexicalization.

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