Factors enhancing adherence of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus to epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome

SUMMARYToxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been suggested to play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In this study we examined two factors that might enhance binding of toxigenic staphylococci to epithelial cells of infants in the age range in which cot deaths are prevalent: expression of the Lewisa antigen and infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). By flow cytometry we demonstrated that binding of three toxigenic strains of S. aureus to cells from non-secretors was significantly greater than to cells of secretors. Pre-treatment of epithelial cells with monoclonal anti-Lewisa or anti-type-1 precursor significantly reduced bacterial binding (P < 0·01); however, attachment of the bacteria correlated only with the amount of Lewisa antigen detected on the cells (P < 0·01). HEp-2 cells infected with RSV bound significantly more bacteria than uninfected cells. These findings are discussed in context of factors previously associated with SIDS (mother's smoking, bottle feeding and the prone sleeping position) and a hypothesis proposed to explain some cases of SIDS.

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Sleeping Position: Fig. 1.

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.108.1.211b ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 108 (1) ◽

pp. 211.2-211

Author(s):

Roberto Buzzetti ◽

Roberto D'Amico ◽

Alessandro Liberati

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Sleeping Position

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Postnatal Growth Preceding Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.4.456 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 456-461

Author(s):

John G. Brooks ◽

Ruth E. Gilbert ◽

Peter J. Flemming ◽

Peter J. Berry ◽

Jean Golding

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Age At Death ◽

The Mean

Objective. To compare postnatal growth preceding the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with that of age matched controls. Design. Retrospective case-control study. Each SIDS victim was matched with two controls on date of parental interview, postnatal age, and neighborhood. Clinical and demographic data were collected by parental interview and by review of medical records, and interval body weights were obtained from health visitors' records. Study population. All infants dying of SIDS between 1 May, 1987 and 30 April, 1989 in a geographically defined region consisting of four health districts in Avon and North Somerset in southwest England. Seventy-eight of the 99 SIDS victims and 139 of 156 control infants were included in the final analysis. Results. There was no significant difference between SIDS victims and the controls in either of the two indices of postnatal growth which were analyzed. The mean growth rates (± 1 SEM) between birth and the last live weight (age equivalent weight for control infants) were 27.1 ± 1.0 g/day for the SIDS cases and 28.3 ± 1.5 g/day for the control infants. The mean growth rate (± 1 SEM) between the last two live weights were 31.5 ± 2.9 and 24.9 ± 2.1 g/day for the SIDS and control infants, respectively. Stratification of the infants by sex, gestational age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, breast versus bottle feeding, or age at death, did not result in any significant differences between SIDS and controls in either of the indices of postnatal growth rate. The 20 SIDS cases which were excluded from the final analysis did not differ from 78 whose data was analyzed, with regard to established SIDS risk factors, age at death, or postmortem weight. Conclusions. No difference was found between the postnatal growth of SIDS victims and that of age matched control infants.

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Infant Sleeping Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Deformation ◽

10.1016/b978-072161489-2.10026-8 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 157-159

Author(s):

John M. Graham

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Sleeping Position

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What risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome are preterm and term medically complex infants exposed to at home?

Paediatrics & Child Health ◽

10.1093/pch/pxaa070 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ian Mitchell ◽

Daniel Y Wang ◽

Christine Troskie ◽

Lisa Loczy ◽

Abby Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Term Infants ◽

Medical Complexity ◽

Syncytial Virus

Abstract Objectives Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome include premature birth, maternal smoking, prone or side sleeping position, sleeping with blankets, sharing a sleeping surface with an adult, and sleeping without an adult in the room. In this study, we compare parents’ responses on sleep patterns in premature and term infants with medical complexity. Methods Parents of children enrolled in the Canadian Respiratory Syncytial Virus Evaluation Study of Palivizumab were phoned monthly regarding their child’s health status until the end of each respiratory syncytial virus season. Baseline data were obtained on patient demographics, medical history, and neonatal course. Responses on adherence to safe sleep recommendations were recorded as part of the assessment. Results A total of 2,526 preterms and 670 term infants with medical complexity were enrolled. Statistically significant differences were found in maternal smoking rates between the two groups: 13.3% (preterm); 9.3% (term) infants (χ 2=8.1, df=1, P=0.004) and with respect to toys in the crib: 12.3% (term) versus 5.8% preterms (χ 2=24.5, df=1, P<0.0005). Preterm infants were also significantly more likely to be placed prone to sleep (8.8%), compared with term infants (3.3%), (χ 2=18.1, df=1, P<0.0005). Conclusion All the infants in this study had frequent medical contacts. There is a greater prevalence of some risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in preterm infants compared to term infants with medical complexity. Specific educational interventions for vulnerable infants may be necessary.

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