scholarly journals What risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome are preterm and term medically complex infants exposed to at home?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mitchell ◽  
Daniel Y Wang ◽  
Christine Troskie ◽  
Lisa Loczy ◽  
Abby Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Medical Complexity ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Objectives Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome include premature birth, maternal smoking, prone or side sleeping position, sleeping with blankets, sharing a sleeping surface with an adult, and sleeping without an adult in the room. In this study, we compare parents’ responses on sleep patterns in premature and term infants with medical complexity. Methods Parents of children enrolled in the Canadian Respiratory Syncytial Virus Evaluation Study of Palivizumab were phoned monthly regarding their child’s health status until the end of each respiratory syncytial virus season. Baseline data were obtained on patient demographics, medical history, and neonatal course. Responses on adherence to safe sleep recommendations were recorded as part of the assessment. Results A total of 2,526 preterms and 670 term infants with medical complexity were enrolled. Statistically significant differences were found in maternal smoking rates between the two groups: 13.3% (preterm); 9.3% (term) infants (χ 2=8.1, df=1, P=0.004) and with respect to toys in the crib: 12.3% (term) versus 5.8% preterms (χ 2=24.5, df=1, P<0.0005). Preterm infants were also significantly more likely to be placed prone to sleep (8.8%), compared with term infants (3.3%), (χ 2=18.1, df=1, P<0.0005). Conclusion All the infants in this study had frequent medical contacts. There is a greater prevalence of some risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in preterm infants compared to term infants with medical complexity. Specific educational interventions for vulnerable infants may be necessary.

Enzyme-linked Immunoassay for Respiratory Syncytial Virus is Not Predictive of Bronchiolitis in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Parham ◽  
Richard Cheng ◽  
Gordon E. Schutze ◽  
Bradley Dilday ◽  
Rebecca Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected infants may present with apnea, the role that RSV plays in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is speculative. To determine whether RSV is associated with bronchiolitis in these patients, we examined histologic sections of lungs from 41 apparent SIDS cases and compared the results with those of enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay (EIA) from nasal washings. Bronchiolitis was defined by a bronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltrate plus epithelial necrosis. A positive EIA was associated with bronchiolitis in 8 instances, compared with 6 having a positive EIA and negative histology, 14 having a negative EIA and positive histology, and 13 having EIA and histology both negative. These results yield a predictive value of a positive test of 57% and a predictive value of a negative test of 48% ( P > .9 by chi square analysis). Although RSV of the upper respiratory tract may be related to SIDS, our results indicate that EIA of nasal washings is not predictive of bronchiolitis, and we recommend other means of verification of histologic results.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Classification of Apparent Asphyxial Infant Deaths

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan W. Matshes ◽  
Emma O. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Death Certification ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Unexpected Infant Death

Recent evidence indicates that with thorough, high quality death investigations and autopsies, forensic pathologists have recognized that many unexpected infant deaths are, in fact, asphyxial in nature. With this recognition has come a commensurate decrease in, and in some cases, abolition of, the label “sudden infant death syndrome” (SIDS). Current controversies often pertain to how and why some infant deaths are determined to be asphyxial in nature and whether or not apparent asphyxial circumstances are risk factors for SIDS, or rather, harbingers of asphyxial deaths. In an effort to sidestep these controversies, some forensic pathologists elected to instead use the noncommittal label “sudden unexpected infant death” (SUID), leading to the unfortunate consequence of SUID – like SIDS – gaining notoriety as an actual disease that could be diagnosed, studied, and ultimately cured. Although it is not possible to provide death certification guidance for every conceivable type of unexpected infant death, we recognize and propose a simple classification system for overarching themes that cover the vast majority of cases where infants die suddenly and unexpectedly.

scholarly journals Genomic risk factors in sudden infant death syndrome

10.1186/gm207 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Van Norstrand ◽  
Michael J Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Genomic Risk

Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Following the Prevention Campaign in New Zealand: A Prospective Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Mitchell ◽  
P. G. Tuohy ◽  
J. M. Brunt ◽  
J. M. D. Thompson ◽  
M. S. Clements ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
A Prospective Study

Maternal Smoking and Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-672
Author(s):  
Ernest Cutz ◽  
Donald G. Perrin ◽  
Richard Hackman ◽  
Elinor N. Czegledy-Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Neuroepithelial Bodies ◽  
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells

Background. Maternal smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but the precise mechanism is unknown. We tested a hypothesis that maternal smoking affects pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs), which are innervated PNEC clusters and presumed airway chemoreceptors. Methods. Lung sections from infants who died of SIDS and whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (n = 22), infants who died of SIDS and whose mothers were nonsmokers (n = 17), and age-matched control infants (n = 15) who died of other causes were immunostained for bombesin (a PNEC and NEB marker) and assessed morphometrically. Results. The frequency of PNEC (the percentage of airway epithelium immunoreactive for bombesin) was increased up to twofold in the lungs of infants who died of SIDS (7.7 ± 0.4%) compared with controls (4.9 ± 0.4%), as was the frequency (40 ± 3.5 vs 23 ± 3.7/cm2) and size (748 ± 46.5 vs 491 ± 25.8,µm2) of NEBs. In infants who died of SIDS and who were born to smoking mothers, PNEC frequency was increased significantly compared with that in those born to nonsmoking mothers, but the frequency and size of NEBs were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that maternal smoking potentiates hyperplasia of the PNEC system in the lungs of infants who die of SIDS and that a dysfunction of these cells may contribute to the pathophysiology of SIDS.

`Near-Miss' for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infants: A Clinical Problem

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-730
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ariagno ◽  
Christian Guilleminault ◽  
Rowena Korobkin ◽  
Margaret Owen-Boeddiker ◽  
Roger Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Medical Evaluation

Three hundred six infants were referred for evaluation of "near-miss" sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) from 1973 to 1980. Following the hospitalization and medical evaluation, there were 156 infants (115 term and 41 preterm) for whom there was no explanation for the presenting event and who were considered near-miss infants; 88% of these infants were seen during the first 3 months of life. A repeat near-miss event was reported in 63% (term) and 83% (preterm) infants. Twelve percent of term infants and 17% of the preterm infants had ten or more repeat events. A home apnea/cardiac monitor was prescribed for 88% of the infants for an average duration of 5.6 months in term infants and 3.5 months in preterm infants. Monitoring had been discontinued in 69% of the infants by 7 months of age. One full-term infant was later a SIDS victim. The risk of a repeat nearmiss event is concluded to be sufficiently great to demand immediate hospitalization, medical evaluation, home monitoring when there is no specific treatment, and close clinical follow-up. Follow-up studies are needed to determine whether there is any long-term morbidity for infants who have had near miss events.

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