scholarly journals Different seroprevalences of antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and Haemophilus influenzae type b in Sudanese and Swedish children

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Salih ◽  
H. Fredlund ◽  
S. Hugosson ◽  
L. Bodin ◽  
P. Olcén
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Antibody Assay

SUMMARYSampling of sera from 202 Sudanese and 124 Swedish children 1–14 years of age was conducted at the end of the 1980s presenting an opportunity to compare the seroprevalence of anti-Neisseria meningitidis (MC) serogroup A antibodies in an area immediately before outbreak of an epidemic (Sudan 1988) with a low endemic area (Sweden). An ELISA antibody assay was developed for detection of antibodies against capsular polysaccharide of MC serogroup A and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Serum antibody against MC serogroup A was found significantly more frequently in Sudanese than in Swedish children. This indicates that factors other than herd immunity, as measured by serum antibodies against MC serogroup A polysaccharide, are important for avoidance of an MC serogroup A epidemic. The seroprevalence of Hib antibodies was, in contrast, significantly higher in Swedish than in Sudanese children, especially for 5–9-year-old children. A possible explanation may be the different systems of day-care of children in the two countries.

Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis Outer Membrane Protein Conjugate Vaccine in 2- to 6-Month-Old Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Allen A. Lenoir ◽  
Paul D. Granoff ◽  
Dan M. Granoff
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B

Fifty infants, 2 to 6 months of age, were vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently linked to an outer membrane protein from Neisseria meningitidis group B. Subjects were given two injections and were randomly assigned to receive the injections separated by 1 or 2 months. Each dose contained 15 µg of polysaccharide and 51 µg of protein, or approximately twice the amount of polysaccharide as used in our previous trial (Lancet 1986;2:299). Fevers of 38.0° to 38.8°C developed in three infants (6%) within 24 hours after vaccination, but there were no other notable reactions. Following one injection, the geometric mean antibody concentration increased from 0.13 µg/mL in preimmune serum to 1.50 µg/mL in serum obtained 1 to 2 months later (P < .001). After a second injection, there was a further increase in serum antibody (geometric mean = 3.11 µg/mL, P < .007). The geometric mean antibody concentration of the group reimmunized 2 months after the first injection was higher than that in the group reimmunized after 1 month (3.95 v 2.32 µg/mL, P = .05, by analysis of covariance with age as the covariant). These data confirm our previous preliminary observations on the safety and immunogenicity of this new conjugate vaccine in infants 2 to 6 months of age. The data suggest that a 2-month interval between the first and second injections results in higher levels of serum antibody than a 1-month interval.

Serum Antibodies After Vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide and Responses to Reimmunization: No Evidence of Immunologic Tolerance or Memory

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865
Author(s):  
Helena Käyhty ◽  
Viena Karanko ◽  
Heikki Peltola ◽  
P. Helena Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Immunologic Tolerance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Levels

Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine was given in Finland in 1974 to approximately 50,000 infants and children, whose serum anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide levels have been followed for 3½ years. The serum antibodies induced by the vaccination proved short-lived (less than 6 months) in the infants younger than 18 months. Elevated serum antibody levels were detectable for 1½ years but less than 3½ years in the children who were vaccinated when 18 to 35 months old. In the children who were 3 to 5 years old when vaccinated, the elevated anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide levels persisted for at least 3½ years. Therefore, children vaccinated at the age of 18 months may need a new dose of vaccine 1 to 1½ years after the first dose in order to be protected for the period of high susceptibility, until the age of approximately 7 years. Some of the vaccinated children were reimmunized 3½ years after the first dose, and the anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide levels in their sera were studied in a similar manner. At no time did the anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide levels after the reimmunization differ from the anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide levels seen after the first vaccination in children of the same age. In addition, the children who had received their first dose of vaccine when younger than 18 months and therefore were not responding, responded now. Thus, there was no evidence of immunologic tolerance.

Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children: A Double-Blind Field Study of 100,000 Vaccinees 3 Months to 5 Years of Age in Finland

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Peltola ◽  
Helena Käythy ◽  
Aulikki Sivonen ◽  
P. Helena Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Serum Antibody Response ◽  
Group A

A recently developed Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine was given to 48,977 children 3 months to 5 years of age; an equal number of children receiving group A meningococcal vaccine served as controls. The protection as well as serum antibody response was strongly age-dependent. Among children who had received the H. influenzae type b vaccine when 18 months of age or older, there were no cases of bacteremic disease caused by H. influenzae type b in the first year after vaccination. At the same time 11 such cases were seen in the control group of the same age, a highly significant difference. In the second year after vaccination two cases occurred in the H. influenzae type b-vaccinated group, five in the meningococcal-group A vaccinated group. No protection was seen among children who had been younger than 18 months when vaccinated, even if they received a booster dose of the vaccine. The serum antibody response to the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide, measured by radioimmunoassay, was poor in children below 18 months of age and good in those above it. No effect of the vaccine could be seen on the nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae type b, which was approximately 6% in this age group. Adverse effects of the vaccine were mild.

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