Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children: A Double-Blind Field Study of 100,000 Vaccinees 3 Months to 5 Years of Age in Finland

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Peltola ◽  
Helena Käythy ◽  
Aulikki Sivonen ◽  
P. Helena Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Serum Antibody Response ◽  
Group A

A recently developed Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine was given to 48,977 children 3 months to 5 years of age; an equal number of children receiving group A meningococcal vaccine served as controls. The protection as well as serum antibody response was strongly age-dependent. Among children who had received the H. influenzae type b vaccine when 18 months of age or older, there were no cases of bacteremic disease caused by H. influenzae type b in the first year after vaccination. At the same time 11 such cases were seen in the control group of the same age, a highly significant difference. In the second year after vaccination two cases occurred in the H. influenzae type b-vaccinated group, five in the meningococcal-group A vaccinated group. No protection was seen among children who had been younger than 18 months when vaccinated, even if they received a booster dose of the vaccine. The serum antibody response to the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide, measured by radioimmunoassay, was poor in children below 18 months of age and good in those above it. No effect of the vaccine could be seen on the nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae type b, which was approximately 6% in this age group. Adverse effects of the vaccine were mild.

Responses of Children Immunized with Capsular Polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae Type b, by David H. Smith, MD, et al,Pediatrics, 1973;52:637–644; and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children: A Double-blind Field Study of 100 000 Vaccinees 3 Months to 5 Years of Age in Finland, by Heikki Peltola, MD et al,Pediatrics, 1977;60:730–737

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 252-254
Author(s):  
Georges Peter
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Group A

One hundred forty-one children of 5 to 59 months of age were immunized with a single intramuscular dose of 0.67, 3.3, 17, or 67 μg polyribophosphate (PRP), the capsular antigen ofHemophilus influenzae, type b. The immunizations were well tolerated, particularly at doses of .67 to 17 μg. Antibody activity was measured by radioactive antigen binding, using3H-labelled PRP. Doses of 3.3 and 17 μg produced significant antibody rises in nearly 90% of recipients; 0.67 and 67 μg in approximately half. The geometric mean titers were similar at three and six weeks after immunization and were greater with the middle doses. The net antibody increase in responding children was strongly age dependent, but was not related to the preimmunization antibody concentration. Rises in serum bactericidal activity against H. influenzae type b generally accompanied rises in antibody concentration as measured by the antigen-binding assay. A recently developed Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine was given to 48 977 children 3 months to 5 years of age; an equal number of children receiving group A meningococcal vaccine served as controls. The protection as well as serum antibody response was strongly age dependent. Among children who had received the H. influenzae type b vaccine when 18 months of age or older, there were no cases of bacteremic disease caused by H. influenzaetype b in the first year after vaccination. At the same time 11 such cases were seen in the control group of the same age, a highly significant difference. In the second year after vaccination two cases occurred in the H. influenzae type b-vaccinated group, five in the meningococcal-group A vaccinated group. No protection was seen among children who had been younger than 18 months when vaccinated, even if they received a booster dose of the vaccine. The serum antibody response to the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide, measured by radioimmunoassay, was poor in children below 18 months of age and good in those above it. No effect of the vaccine could be seen on the nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae type b, which was approximately 6% in this age group. Adverse effects of the vaccine were mild.

b-CAPSA I Haemophilus influenzae, Type b, Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Safety

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Steven B. Black ◽  
Henry R. Shinefield ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B

The b-CAPSA I capsular polysaccharide vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b was given to 87,541 children 2 through 5 years of age in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, and the children were then followed using a multiple modality surveillance. Phase 1 consisted of 24-hour recall of immediate side effects which were recorded on questionnaires given to families of 13,500 children. Local side effects were found to be uncommon: 2.3% had a temperature of ≥38.3°C (≥101°F); 4.8% had local erythema, 2.9% local swelling, and 12.6% local tenderness; two children had wheezing shortly after immunization. In Phase 2, 30 days after immunization, questionnaires were mailed to parents of all 87,541 children, who were asked to respond to questions about illnesses and health care. Phase 3 consisted of active surveillance of patient health care use by physicians and nurses during the 30 days after immunization. During the 30-day reporting periods, there were 40 hospitalizations, including one for wheezing and one for febrile seizure. Of the 40 hospitalizations, only the one for wheezing was believed by the admitting physician to be probably associated with vaccine administration. Three children had seizures within 30 days of immunization. None of the seizures was believed by the reporting physician to be associated with immunization. Adverse effects of the vaccine were mild, limited to local reactions and occasional temperature elevation; bronchospasm after immunization occurred rarely.

scholarly journals Different seroprevalences of antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and Haemophilus influenzae type b in Sudanese and Swedish children

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Salih ◽  
H. Fredlund ◽  
S. Hugosson ◽  
L. Bodin ◽  
P. Olcén
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Antibody Assay

SUMMARYSampling of sera from 202 Sudanese and 124 Swedish children 1–14 years of age was conducted at the end of the 1980s presenting an opportunity to compare the seroprevalence of anti-Neisseria meningitidis (MC) serogroup A antibodies in an area immediately before outbreak of an epidemic (Sudan 1988) with a low endemic area (Sweden). An ELISA antibody assay was developed for detection of antibodies against capsular polysaccharide of MC serogroup A and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Serum antibody against MC serogroup A was found significantly more frequently in Sudanese than in Swedish children. This indicates that factors other than herd immunity, as measured by serum antibodies against MC serogroup A polysaccharide, are important for avoidance of an MC serogroup A epidemic. The seroprevalence of Hib antibodies was, in contrast, significantly higher in Swedish than in Sudanese children, especially for 5–9-year-old children. A possible explanation may be the different systems of day-care of children in the two countries.

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