scholarly journals Gene × Environment effects of serotonin transporter, dopamine receptor D4, and monoamine oxidase A genes with contextual and parenting risk factors on symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, and depression in a community sample of 4-year-old children

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Lavigne ◽  
Laura B. K. Herzing ◽  
Edwin H. Cook ◽  
Susan A. Lebailly ◽  
Karen R. Gouze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractGenetic factors can play a key role in the multiple level of analyses approach to understanding the development of child psychopathology. The present study examined gene–environment correlations and Gene × Environment interactions for polymorphisms of three target genes, the serotonin transporter gene, the D4 dopamine receptor gene, and the monoamine oxidase A gene in relation to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and oppositional behavior. Saliva samples were collected from 175 non-Hispanic White, 4-year-old children. Psychosocial risk factors included socioeconomic status, life stress, caretaker depression, parental support, hostility, and scaffolding skills. In comparison with the short forms (s/s, s/l) of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic repeat, the long form (l/l) was associated with greater increases in symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in interaction with family stress and with greater increases in symptoms of child depression and anxiety in interaction with caretaker depression, family conflict, and socioeconomic status. In boys, low-activity monoamine oxidase A gene was associated with increases in child anxiety and depression in interaction with caretaker depression, hostility, family conflict, and family stress. The results highlight the important of gene–environment interplay in the development of symptoms of child psychopathology in young children.

Interactions of child maltreatment and serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase A polymorphisms: Depressive symptomatology among adolescents from low socioeconomic status backgrounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Melissa L. Sturge-Apple
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractChild maltreatment and polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genes were examined in relation to depressive symptomatology. Adolescents (Mage = 16.7 years) from low socioeconomic backgrounds with a history of child maltreatment (n= 207) or no such history (n= 132) were interviewed and provided buccal cells for genetic analysis. Gene × environment interactions were observed. Heightened depressive symptoms were found only among extensively maltreated youth with lowMAOAactivity. Among comparably maltreated youth with highMAOAactivity, self-coping strategies related to lower symptoms. Sexual abuse and the5-HTT short/shortgenotype predicted higher depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. This Gene × Environment interaction was further moderated byMAOAactivity level. The results highlight the protective functions of genetic polymorphisms and coping strategies in high risk youth and offer direction for understanding resilience and its promotion from a multiple levels of analysis perspective.

scholarly journals The effects of child maltreatment on early signs of antisocial behavior: Genetic moderation by tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin transporter, and monoamine oxidase A genes

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Eric L. Thibodeau
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGene–environment interaction effects in predicting antisocial behavior in late childhood were investigated among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N= 627,Mage = 11.27). Variants in three genes were examined: tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) upstream variable number tandem repeat. In addition to child maltreatment status, we considered the impact of maltreatment subtypes, developmental timing of maltreatment, and chronicity. Indicators of antisocial behavior were obtained from self-, peer, and adult counselor reports. In a series of analyses of covariance, child maltreatment and its parameters demonstrated strong main effects on early antisocial behavior as assessed by all report forms. Genetic effects operated primarily in the context of gene–environment interactions, moderating the impact of child maltreatment on outcomes. Across the three genes, among nonmaltreated children no differences in antisocial behavior were found based on genetic variation. In contrast, among maltreated children specific polymorphisms ofTPH1,5-HTTLPR, andMAOAwere each related to heightened self-report of antisocial behavior; the interaction of5-HTTLPRand developmental timing of maltreatment also indicated more severe antisocial outcomes for children with early onset and recurrent maltreatment based on genotype.TPH1and5-HTTLPRinteracted with maltreatment subtype to predict peer reports of antisocial behavior; genetic variation contributed to larger differences in antisocial behavior among abused children. TheTPH1and5-HTTLPRpolymorphisms also moderated the effects of maltreatment subtype on adult reports of antisocial behavior; again, the genetic effects were strongest for children who were abused. In addition,TPH1moderated the effect of developmental timing of maltreatment and chronicity on adult reports of antisocial behavior. The findings elucidate how genetic variation contributes to identifying which maltreated children are most vulnerable to antisocial development.

Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and Monoamine Oxidase A gene in patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4557-4557
Author(s):  
A. van der Horst-Schrivers ◽  
E. de Vries ◽  
P. Willemse ◽  
I. Kema ◽  
T. Links ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Carcinoid Tumors ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Midgut Carcinoid ◽  
Mao A

4557 Background: In patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors increased serotonin secretion is related to the carcinoid syndrome and mortality. Free serotonin is taken up via the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in the liver and the lung and metabolized to 5- hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) by Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A). The 5-HTT gene has a functional polymorphism in the promoter region (5-HTTPLR), with a short (S, less active) and long (L) allele and a polymorphic region in the second intron with variable number tandem repeats (VNTR-2). The MAO-A gene contains a length polymorphism in its promoter region (MAOA-LPR). To determine the clinical effects of the serotonin metabolizing capacity of individual patients, the association between different genotypes and symptoms (flushes and diarrhea) and survival was studied. Methods: 107 patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors were genotyped for 5-HTTPLR, VNTR-2 and MAO-A-LPR. Differences were tested using Chi-square test and survival according to genotypes was analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival curves and tested with a log rank test. The independent effect of genotypes on survival was studied with multivariate Cox regression analysis with adjustments for the urinary 5-HIAA level, age at presentation and the presence of liver metastases. Results: The various genotypic variants were not related to flushes or diarrhea. Patients with the SS variant of 5-HTTLPR had a shorter median survival (45 months, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50–90) compared to patients with the LS (113 months, 95% CI 53–172) and the LL variant (90 months, 95% CI 64–115) (P=0.02). After adjustment, survival in patients with the SS variant remained worse with an odds ratio of 0.43 (95% CI 0.23–0.83; P=0.009) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.33–1.11; P=0.1) compared to patients with the LS and the LL variant respectively. Survival was not influenced by the VNTR-2 or MAOA-LPR. Conclusions: The SS genotype of the 5-HTTLPR is independently associated with a worse survival in patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Differential Functional Variability of Serotonin Transporter and Monoamine Oxidase A Genes in Macaque Species Displaying Contrasting Levels of Aggression-Related Behavior

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens R. Wendland ◽  
Klaus-Peter Lesch ◽  
Timothy K. Newman ◽  
Angelika Timme ◽  
Hélène Gachot-Neveu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Macaque Species
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