scholarly journals Surveying for Dwarf Galaxies Within Voids FN2 and FN8

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (S308) ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Stephen McNeil ◽  
Chris Draper ◽  
J. Ward Moody
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Void Volumes ◽  
Four Square ◽  
Large Scale Structure Formation

AbstractThe presence or absence of dwarf galaxies with Mr' > -14 in low-density volumes correlates with dark matter halos and how they affect galaxy formation. We are conducting a redshifted Hα imaging survey for dwarf galaxies with Mr' > -13 in the heart of the well-defined voids FN2 and FN8 using the KPNO 4m Mayall telescope and Mosaic Imager. These data have furnished over 600 strong candidates in a four square degree area. Follow-up spectra finding none of these candidates to be within the void volumes will constrain the dwarf population there to be 2 to 8% of the cosmic mean. Conversely, finding even one Hα dwarf in the void heart will challenge several otherwise successful theories of large-scale structure formation.

scholarly journals Galaxy Formation and Large-Scale Structures in a Two-Component Dark Matter Scenario

1988 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 427-428
Author(s):  
Masayuki Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Scale Structures

A universe dominated by both hot (HDM) and cold dark matter (CDM) is proposed. In this context, the new features for the formation of dwarf galaxies, Lyα clouds, galaxies, and large-scale structures are presented.

scholarly journals Dwarf Galaxies as Cosmological Probes

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S344) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Julio F. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Too Big To Fail ◽  
Sharp Minimum ◽  
Luminous Galaxies ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Low Mass

AbstractThe Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) paradigm makes specific predictions for the abundance, structure, substructure and clustering of dark matter halos, the sites of galaxy formation. These predictions can be directly tested, in the low-mass halo regime, by dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxies. A number of potential challenges to LCDM have been identified when confronting the expected properties of dwarfs with observation. I review our understanding of a few of these issues, including the “missing satellites” and the “too-big-to-fail” problems, and argue that neither poses an insurmountable challenge to LCDM. Solving these problems requires that most dwarf galaxies inhabit halos of similar mass, and that there is a relatively sharp minimum halo mass threshold to form luminous galaxies. These predictions are eminently falsifiable. In particular, LCDM predicts a large number of “dark” low-mass halos, some of which should have retained enough primordial gas to be detectable in deep 21 cm or Hα surveys. Detecting this predicted population of “mini-halos” would be a major discovery and a resounding success for LCDM on small scales.

scholarly journals Low Luminosity Galaxies

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Davies ◽  
S. Sabatini ◽  
S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Cluster Environment ◽  
Dense Cluster

AbstractLow luminosity (dwarf) galaxies play a crucial role in our current theories of galaxy and large scale structure formation. In the hierarchical picture they are the building blocks from which other structures form. These theories in their basic form overpredict the numbers of small dark matter halos (dwarf galaxies?) unless some form of star formation supression is invoked. In this paper we describe observations of dwarf galaxies in a range of different environments. We find that there are far too few dwarf galaxies in low density environments to be compatible with the theories. These observations are not consistent with an environment-independent mechanism suppressing dwarf galaxy formation. It is also not clear how these mechanisms can supress star formation if dwarf galaxies have large mass-to-light ratios (≈100). Either the whole idea of hierarchical galaxy formation has to be rejected or other environmentally dependent physical processes have to be invoked. We suggest that small, gas-rich dI galaxies have their evolution rapidly advanced as they move into the dense cluster environment.

Cosmic structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1430021
Author(s):  
Marc Davis
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
History Of

The history of cosmic structure goes back to the time of Einstein's youth, although few scientists actually thought of the problem of galaxy and cluster formation. The data and ideas were collected slowly as astronomers slowly realized the nature of the problem of large-scale structure. This paper will review several of the key episodes in the history of the field. Starting with the discovery of dark matter in the 30s, the CMBR discovery in the 1960s to the idea of an early episode of inflation in the 1980s, the field has had an acceleration of discovery. In the 80s it was realized that the initial conditions of the universe were specified by the cold dark matter (CDM). Now initial conditions for the formation of structure could be specified for any type of dark matter. With the advent of computing resources, highly nonlinear phases of galaxy formation could be simulated and scientists could ask whether cold dark matter was the correct theory, even on the scale of dwarf spheroidal galaxies, or do the properties of the dwarfs require a different type of dark matter? In an idiosyncratic list, we review several of the key events of the history of cosmic structure, including the first measurements of ξ(r), then the remarkable success of Λ CDM explanations of the large-scale universe. We next turn to velocity fields, the large-scale flow problem, a field which was so promising 20 years ago, and to the baryon acoustic oscillations, a field of remarkable promise today. We review the problem of dwarf galaxies and Lyman-α absorption systems, asking whether the evidence is pointing toward a major switch in our understanding of the nature of dark matter. Finally, we discuss flux anomalies in multiply-lensed systems, which set constraints on the number of dwarf galaxies associated with the lensing galaxy, a topic that is now very interesting since simulations have indicated there should be hundreds of dwarfs orbiting the Milky Way, rather than the 10 that are known. It is quite remarkable that many of the today's results are dependent on techniques first used by Einstein.

Searching for Ultra-diffuse galaxies in the low-density environment around NGC 3115

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S359) ◽  
pp. 257-259
Author(s):  
Marco Canossa-Gosteinski ◽  
Ana L. Chies-Santos ◽  
Cristina Furlanetto ◽  
Rodrigo F. Freitas ◽  
William Schoenell
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Galaxy Formation And Evolution ◽  
Formation And Evolution

AbstractUltra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are extremely low luminosity galaxies and some of them seem to have a lack of dark matter. Therefore, they can offer important clues to better understand galaxy formation and evolution. Little is known about UDGs in less dense environments, as most of the known UDGs have been found in very dense regions, in the outskirts of massive galaxies in galaxy clusters. In this work, we present the properties of UDGs candidates identified through visual inspection around the low-density environment of NGC 3115, the closest S0 galaxy from the Milky Way. We have measured the structural parameters of 41 UDGs candidates using images obtained with the Dark Energy Camera at the Blanco Telescope. Such structural parameters will be used to characterise and select the best UDG candidates, that will have their properties traced for future follow-up campaigns.

The Future of Dwarf Galaxy Research: What Simulations will Predict?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S344) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Laura V. Sales
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dark Matter Distribution

AbstractWe present a summary of the predictions from numerical simulations to our understanding of dwarf galaxies. It centers the discussion around the Λ Cold Dark Matter scenario (ΛCDM) but discusses also implications for alternative dark matter models. Four key predictions are identified: the abundance of dwarf galaxies, their dark matter content, their relation with environment and the existence of dwarf satellites orbiting dwarf field galaxies. We discuss tensions with observations and identify the most exciting predictions expected from simulations in the future, including i) the existence of “dark galaxies” (dark matter halos without stars), ii) the ability to resolve the structure (size, morphology, dark matter distribution) in dwarfs and iii) the number of ultra-faint satellites around dwarf galaxies. All of these predictions shall inform future observations, not only the faintest galaxies to be discovered within the Local Volume but also distant dwarfs driving galaxy formation in the early universe.

scholarly journals NIHAO – XXV. Convergence in the cusp-core transformation of cold dark matter haloes at high star formation thresholds

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (2) ◽  
pp. 2648-2661
Author(s):  
Aaron A Dutton ◽  
Tobias Buck ◽  
Andrea V Macciò ◽  
Keri L Dixon ◽  
Marvin Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Good Match ◽  
Virial Mass ◽  
Density Threshold

ABSTRACT We use cosmological hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulations from the NIHAO project to investigate the response of cold dark matter (CDM) haloes to baryonic processes. Previous work has shown that the halo response is primarily a function of the ratio between galaxy stellar mass and total virial mass, and the density threshold above which gas is eligible to form stars, n[cm−3]. At low n all simulations in the literature agree that dwarf galaxy haloes are cuspy, but at high n ≳ 100 there is no consensus. We trace halo contraction in dwarf galaxies with n ≳ 100 reported in some previous simulations to insufficient spatial resolution. Provided the adopted star formation threshold is appropriate for the resolution of the simulation, we show that the halo response is remarkably stable for n ≳ 5, up to the highest star formation threshold that we test, n = 500. This free parameter can be calibrated using the observed clustering of young stars. Simulations with low thresholds n ≤ 1 predict clustering that is too weak, while simulations with high star formation thresholds n ≳ 5, are consistent with the observed clustering. Finally, we test the CDM predictions against the circular velocities of nearby dwarf galaxies. Low thresholds predict velocities that are too high, while simulations with n ∼ 10 provide a good match to the observations. We thus conclude that the CDM model provides a good description of the structure of galaxies on kpc scales provided the effects of baryons are properly captured.

scholarly journals Rotation of Galaxy Dark Matter Halos

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S235) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
Stéphane Herbert-Fort ◽  
Dennis Zaritsky ◽  
Yeun Jin Kim ◽  
Jeremy Bailin ◽  
James E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Spiral Galaxy ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe degree to which outer dark matter halos of spiral galaxies rotate with the disk is sensitive to their accretion history and may be probed with associated satellite galaxies. We use the Steward Observatory Bok telescope to measure the sense of rotation of nearby isolated spirals and combine these data with those of their associated satellites (drawn from SDSS) to directly test predictions from numerical simulations. We aim to constrain models of galaxy formation by measuring the projected component of the halo angular momentum that is aligned with that of spiral galaxy disks, Jz. We find the mean bulk rotation of the ensemble satellite system to be co-rotating with the disk with a velocity of 22 ± 13 km/s, in general agreement with previous observational studies and suggesting that galaxy disks could be formed by halo baryons collapsing by a factor of ≈10. We also find a prograde satellite fraction of 51% and Jz, of the satellite system to be positively correlated with the disk, albeit at low significance (2655 ± 2232 kpc km/s).

scholarly journals Observing merger trees in a new light

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys J. J. Poulton ◽  
Aaron S. G. Robotham ◽  
Chris Power ◽  
Pascal J. Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Assembly Simulation ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Tree Building

AbstractMerger trees harvested from cosmologicalN-body simulations encode the assembly histories of dark matter halos over cosmic time and are a fundamental component of semi-analytical models of galaxy formation. The ability to compare the tools used to construct merger trees, namely halo finders and tree building algorithms, in an unbiased and systematic manner is critical to assess the quality of merger trees. In this paper, we present the dendrogram, a novel method to visualise merger trees, which provides a comprehensive characterisation of a halo’s assembly history—tracking subhalo orbits, halo merger events, and the general evolution of halo properties. We show the usefulness of thedendrogramas a diagnostic tool of merger trees by comparing halo assembly simulation analysed with three different halo finders—VELOCIraptor, AHF, and Rockstar—and their associated tree builders. Based on our analysis of the resulting dendrograms, we highlight how they have been used to motivate improvements to VELOCIraptor. Thedendrogramsoftware is publicly available online, at:https://github.com/rhyspoulton/MergerTree-Dendrograms.

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