Using Algal Virus Paramecium bursaria Chlorella Virus as a Human Adenovirus Surrogate for Validation of UV Treatment Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (23) ◽  
pp. 15507-15515
Author(s):  
Zhe Sun ◽  
Jianing Fu ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Ernest R. Blatchley ◽  
Zhi Zhou

1998 ◽  
Vol 273 (21) ◽  
pp. 13136-13142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. McCullough ◽  
Matthew T. Romberg ◽  
Simon Nyaga ◽  
Yuanfen Wei ◽  
Thomas G. Wood ◽  
...  




2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 532-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giane M. Yanai-Balser ◽  
Garry A. Duncan ◽  
James D. Eudy ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1), a member of the family Phycodnaviridae, is a large double-stranded DNA, plaque-forming virus that infects the unicellular green alga Chlorella sp. strain NC64A. The 330-kb PBCV-1 genome is predicted to encode 365 proteins and 11 tRNAs. To monitor global transcription during PBCV-1 replication, a microarray containing 50-mer probes to the PBCV-1 365 protein-encoding genes (CDSs) was constructed. Competitive hybridization experiments were conducted by using cDNAs from poly(A)-containing RNAs obtained from cells at seven time points after virus infection. The results led to the following conclusions: (i) the PBCV-1 replication cycle is temporally programmed and regulated; (ii) 360 (99%) of the arrayed PBCV-1 CDSs were expressed at some time in the virus life cycle in the laboratory; (iii) 227 (62%) of the CDSs were expressed before virus DNA synthesis begins; (iv) these 227 CDSs were grouped into two classes: 127 transcripts disappeared prior to initiation of virus DNA synthesis (considered early), and 100 transcripts were still detected after virus DNA synthesis begins (considered early/late); (v) 133 (36%) of the CDSs were expressed after virus DNA synthesis begins (considered late); and (vi) expression of most late CDSs is inhibited by adding the DNA replication inhibitor, aphidicolin, prior to virus infection. This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of virus gene expression during the PBCV-1 life cycle.



1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
GGR. Seaton ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
J. Rohozinski


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha R. Coy ◽  
Eric R. Gann ◽  
Spiridon E. Papoulis ◽  
Michael E. Holder ◽  
Nadim J. Ajami ◽  
...  


PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0211755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha R. Coy ◽  
Alyssa N. Alsante ◽  
James L. Van Etten ◽  
Steven W. Wilhelm


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha R. Coy ◽  
Alyssa N. Alsante ◽  
James L. Van Etten ◽  
Steven W. Wilhelm

AbstractBest practices in laboratory culture management often include cryopreservation of microbiota, but this can be challenging with some virus particles. By preserving viral isolates researchers can mitigate genetic drift and laboratory-induced selection, thereby maintaining genetically consistent strains between experiments. To this end, we developed a method to cryopreserve the model, green-alga infecting virus,Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1(PBCV-1). We explored cryotolerance of the infectivity of this virus particle, whereby freezing without cryoprotectants was found to maintain the highest infectivity (~2.5%). We then assessed the cryopreservation potential of PBCV-1 during an active infection cycle in itsChlorella variabilisNC64A host, and found that virus survivorship was highest (69.5 ± 16.5 %) when the infected host is cryopreserved during mid-late stages of infection (i.e., coinciding with virion assembly). The most optimal condition for cryopreservation was observed at 240 minutes post-infection. Overall, utilizing the cell as a vehicle for viral cryopreservation resulted in 24.9 – 30.1 fold increases in PBCV-1 survival based on 95% confidence intervals of frozen virus particles and virus cryopreserved at 240 minutes post-infection. Given that cryoprotectants are often naturally produced by psychrophilic organisms, we suspect that cryopreservation of infected hosts may be a reliable mechanism for virus persistence in non-growth permitting circumstances in the environment, such as ancient permafrosts.



PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Blanc ◽  
Michael Mozar ◽  
Irina V. Agarkova ◽  
James R. Gurnon ◽  
Giane Yanai-Balser ◽  
...  


PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Rowe ◽  
Adrien Jeanniard ◽  
James R. Gurnon ◽  
Yuannan Xia ◽  
David D. Dunigan ◽  
...  


2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (36) ◽  
pp. 14837-14842 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Xiang ◽  
D. D. Dunigan ◽  
T. Klose ◽  
P. R. Chipman ◽  
...  


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