Anaerobic Microbial Transformation of Halogenated Aromatics and Fate Prediction Using Electron Density Modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 6018-6028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriel Cooper ◽  
Anke Wagner ◽  
Dominik Wondrousch ◽  
Frank Sonntag ◽  
Andrei Sonnabend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Halogenated Aromatics ◽  
Density Modeling

The Limits of Empirical Electron Density Modeling: Examining the Capacity of E‐CHAIM and the IRI for Modeling Intermediate (1‐ to 30‐Day) Timescales at High Latitudes

Radio Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Themens ◽  
P. T. Jayachandran ◽  
Benjamin Reid ◽  
Anthony M. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Density Modeling

Electron Density Modeling of a Streamer Using LASCO Data of 2004 January and February

2006 ◽  
Vol 642 (1) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Thernisien ◽  
R. A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Density Modeling

A new algorithm for improved ionospheric electron density modeling

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1385-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Richards ◽  
D. G. Torr ◽  
M. E. Hagan ◽  
M. J. Buonsanto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Ionospheric Electron Density ◽  
Density Modeling

Global Multi-layer Electron Density Modeling Based on Constraint optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Lalgudi Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Eren Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Iri Model ◽  
B Splines ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Layer Peak ◽  
Density Modeling

<p><span>Electron density is the most important key parameter to describe the </span><span>state of the ionospheric plasma </span><span>varying with latitude, longitude, altitude and time. The upper atmosphere is decomposed into the four layers D, E, F1 and F2 of the ionosphere as well as the plasmasphere. Space weather events manifest themselves with specific "signatures" in distinct ionospheric layers. Therefore, the role of each layer in characterizing the ionosphere during nominal and extreme space weather events is highly important for scientific and operational purposes. </span></p><p><span>Accordingly, we model the total electron density as the sum of the electron densities of the individual layers. The key parameters of each layer, namely peak electron density, the corresponding peak height and scale height, are modeled by series expansions in terms of polynomial B-splines for latitude and trigonometric B-splines for longitude. The Chapman profile function is chosen to define the electron density along the altitude. This way, the electron density modeling is setup as a parameter estimation problem. In the case of modelling multiple layers simultaneously, the estimation of coefficients of the key parameters becomes challenging due to the correlations between the different key parameters. </span></p><p><span>One possibility to address the above issue is by imposing constraints on the ionospheric key parameters (and by extension on the B-spline coefficients). As an example, we constrain the F2 layer peak height to be always above the F1 layer peak height. We also constrain the key parameters to be non-negative and possibly to to certain well defined bounds. This way the physical properties of the ionosphere layers are included in the modelling. We estimate the coefficients with regard to the imposition of the bounds in form of inequality constraints using a convex optimization approach. We describe the underlying mathematical procedure and validate it using </span><span>the IRI model as well as GNSS observations and electron density measurements from occultation missions. For the specific case of using IRI model data as the reference “truth”, we show the performance of the optimization algorithm using a “closed loop” validation. Such a validation allows an in-depth analysis of the impact of choosing a desired number of unknown coefficients to be estimated and the total number of constraints applied. We describe the parameterization of the different ionosphere key parameters considering the specific requirements from operational aspects (such as the need for modelling F2 layer), scientific aspects with regard to ionosphere-thermosphere studies (need for modelling the D, E or F1 layers) and also considering the aspects related to computation load. </span></p><p><span>We describe the advantages of using the optimization approach compared to the unconstrained least squares solution. While such constraints on key parameters can be fixed under nominal ionospheric conditions, but under adverse space weather effects these constraints need to be modified (constraints become stricter or more relaxed). For this purpose, we show the dynamic effect of modifying the constraints on global modelling performance and accuracy. We also provide the uncertainty of the estimated coefficients using a Monte-Carlo approach.</span></p>

Electron density modeling and reconstruction of infinite periodic minimal surfaces (IPMS) based phases in lipid-water systems. II. Reconstruction of D surface based phases

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Harper ◽  
S.M. Gruner ◽  
R.N.A.H. Lewis ◽  
R.N. McElhaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Minimal Surfaces ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Density Modeling

SU-F-T-300: Impact of Electron Density Modeling of ArcCHECK Cylindricaldiode Array On 3DVH Patient Specific QA Software Tool Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6Part17) ◽  
pp. 3531-3532
Author(s):  
P Patwe ◽  
V Mhatre ◽  
P Dandekar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Patient Specific Qa ◽  
Density Modeling

Application of seamless vertical profiles for use in the topside electron density modeling

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Triskova ◽  
I. Galkin ◽  
V. Truhlik ◽  
B.W. Reinisch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Density Modeling

Electron density modeling of large systems using the transferable atom equivalent method

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt M. Breneman ◽  
Tracy R. Thompson ◽  
Marlon Rhem ◽  
Mei Dung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Transferable Atom Equivalent ◽  
Large Systems ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Density Modeling
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