Unraveling the Ergot Alkaloid and Indole Diterpenoid Metabolome in the Claviceps purpurea Species Complex Using LC–HRMS/MS Diagnostic Fragmentation Filtering

Cows were fed ration for 9 wk containing 5, 48, 201, and 822 μg kg−1 ergot alkaloids. The objective was to evaluate the impact of ergot consumption in beef cow–calf operations. Ergot alkaloids up to 822 μg kg−1 did not alter the weight of peripartum and postpartum beef cows (P = 0.93) or nursing calves (P = 0.08), rectal temperature (P = 0.16), or plasma prolactin concentrations (P = 0.30) at moderate ambient temperatures. Ergot did not influence the time (>1 ng mL−1; P = 0.79) or the progesterone concentration (P = 0.38) at the time of first postpartum rise or the size of the first (14 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.40) and second (13 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.41) follicles to ovulate. The maximum size of the first postpartum corpus luteum (CL) was 4 mm larger in the 822 μg kg−1 ergot group compared with the control (P = 0.03) for the first ovulation post partum, but not for the second (P = 0.11). There was no effect of ergot exposure on the number of days until the appearance of the first (43 ± 4 d; P = 0.95) or second (52 ± 4 d; P = 0.98) CL post partum. Ergot alkaloid concentrations up to 822 μg kg−1 did not affect pregnancy rates (X2 = 0.36). In conclusion, ergot alkaloid exposure for 9 wk to concentrations as high as 822 μg kg−1 did not alter performance in pregnant and postpartum beef cattle at moderate ambient temperatures.

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Overexpression of Trp-related genes in Claviceps purpurea leading to increased ergot alkaloid production

New Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.nbt.2020.11.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Michaela Králová ◽

Jitka Frébortová ◽

Aleš Pěnčík ◽

Ivo Frébort

Keyword(s):

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Claviceps Purpurea ◽

Alkaloid Production

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The ergot alkaloid gene cluster in Claviceps purpurea: Extension of the cluster sequence and intra species evolution

Phytochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.011 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 66 (11) ◽

pp. 1312-1320 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Thomas Haarmann ◽

Caroline Machado ◽

Yvonne Lübbe ◽

Telmo Correia ◽

Christopher L. Schardl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Cluster ◽

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Claviceps Purpurea ◽

Species Evolution ◽

Cluster Sequence

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Simultaneous Assimilation and Respiration of Exogenous 2, 3- 14 C-Succinate and Exogenous Glucose by Ergot Alkaloid Producing Cultures of Claviceps purpurea

Mycologia ◽

10.2307/3757165 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 345 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Willard A. Taber

Keyword(s):

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Claviceps Purpurea ◽

Exogenous Glucose

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The effects of selected factors on measured ergot alkaloid content in Claviceps purpurea-infected hexaploid and durum wheat

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2015.2019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 555-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.A. Tittlemier ◽

D. Drul ◽

M. Roscoe ◽

J.G. Menzies

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Host Plant ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Ergot Alkaloids ◽

Alkaloid Content ◽

Claviceps Purpurea ◽

Wheat Line ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽

Plant Line

Four wheat genotypes, including the ergot-susceptible durum ‘AC Avonlea’ and hard red spring wheat ‘AC Cadillac’, as well as the resistant durum wheat line 9260B-173A and the hard red spring wheat line ‘Kenya Farmer’ wereinoculated with different Claviceps purpurea isolates. Honeydew and sclerotia were collected and analysed for 10 ergot alkaloids. Total concentrations of the 10 ergot alkaloids ranged from 16 µg/kg in honeydew to 1,798 mg/kg insclerotia. Ergonovine and ergosine were the predominant alkaloids in honeydew obtained from plants inoculated with various isolates, whereas ergocristine and ergocryptine were the main alkaloids observed in sclerotia. Bothhost plant and C. purpurea isolate were significant factors affecting total ergot alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia. Irrespective of host plant line, all mean total ergot alkaloid concentrations were higher in sclerotia produced from the EI-2 isolate (695-1,010 mg/kg), as compared to EI-4 (255-594 mg/kg). The mass of total ergot alkaloids was alsopositively correlated with the mass of individual sclerotia produced from these two C. purpurea isolates, with the slope of the regression higher for the EI-2 isolate. The total ergot alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia from various plants inoculated with the same C. purpurea isolate differed; however, the resistance of host plant line did notappear to be consistent with ergot alkaloid content in sclerotia. Concentrations of total ergot alkaloids were highestand lowest in sclerotia from the two lines that are both classified as ‘resistant’, suggesting that the mechanism ofresistance for these lines is not restriction on the production of ergot alkaloids in sclerotia.

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Simultaneous Assimilation and Respiration of Exogenous 2, 3-14C-Succinate and Exogenous Glucose by Ergot Alkaloid Producing Cultures of Claviceps Purpurea

Mycologia ◽

10.1080/00275514.1968.12018576 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 345-355

Author(s):

Willard A. Taber

Keyword(s):

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Claviceps Purpurea ◽

Exogenous Glucose

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ChemInform Abstract: Ergogaline (I), a New Ergot Alkaloid, Produced by Claviceps purpurea: Isolation, Identification, Crystal Structure and Molecular Conformation.

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.199502164 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

L. CVAK ◽

A. JEGOROV ◽

P. SEDMERA ◽

V. HAVLICEK ◽

J. ONDRACEK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Molecular Conformation ◽

Claviceps Purpurea

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Proportions of predominant Ergot alkaloids (Claviceps purpurea) detected in Western Canadian grains from 2014 to 2016

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2017.2241 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. Grusie ◽

V. Cowan ◽

J. Singh ◽

J. McKinnon ◽

B. Blakley

Keyword(s):

Ergot Alkaloid ◽

Ergot Alkaloids ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Western Canada ◽

Claviceps Purpurea ◽

Total Alkaloids ◽

Relative Composition ◽

Equivalence Factor ◽

Total Alkaloid Content ◽

Toxicological Significance

Ergot alkaloids, produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, are contaminants of cereal crops. Depending on various factors, the relative composition of individual ergot alkaloids can differ among samples. The objective was to determine if the percentage of individual ergot alkaloids were similar across different cereal grains (barley n=39, rye n=7, triticale n=9, wheat n=94) collected in Western Canada over different years. Ergocristine was the predominant alkaloid accounting for half of the total alkaloids in all grain types. This study documented that barley, rye, triticale and wheat collected across Western Canada had similar percentages of ergocornine (6±1%, P=0.201), ergocristine (48±2%, P=0.939), ergocryptine (17±2%, P=0.302) and ergosine (5±0.5%, P=0.239). There were differences between grain types for ergometrine (P=0.027) and ergotamine (P=0.011), which ranged between 6 to 13% and 11 to 24%, respectively, of the total alkaloid content in different cereals. Both barley and wheat alkaloid percentages were similar between 2015 and 2016; ergocornine (7±1%, P=0.969), ergocristine (47±2%, P=0.680), ergocryptine (18±2%, P=0.572), ergometrine (8±1%, P=0.080), ergosine (15±1%, P=0.119) and ergotamine (P=0.189). The ergocornine percentage was higher in wheat (P=0.017) as compared to barley for 2015/2016 samples. Ergometrine was higher in barley (P=0.002) as compared to wheat for 2015/2016 samples. While two of the alkaloid proportions varied statistically, overall proportions of the six ergot alkaloids were comparable among the four grain types collected across Western Canada. If proportions of ergot alkaloids are similar across a region, then it may be deemed acceptable to recommend a maximum total ergot alkaloid concentration for that region. However, areas that exhibit variation among the ergot alkaloid proportions, individual ergot alkaloid guidelines based on a toxic equivalence factor, may be more appropriate. In contrast, since major differences were not seen between years or grain type, from a producer perspective there may be limited biological/toxicological significance for individual alkaloid guidelines.

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