scholarly journals Links between Genetic Groups, Indole Alkaloid Profiles and Ecology within the Grass-Parasitic Claviceps purpurea Species Complex

Toxins ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1431-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariell Negård ◽  
Silvio Uhlig ◽  
Håvard Kauserud ◽  
Tom Andersen ◽  
Klaus Høiland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Alkaloid Profiles

scholarly journals Alkaloids in Australian rye ergot (Claviceps purpurea) sclerotia: implications for food and stockfeed regulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Blaney ◽  
John B. Molloy ◽  
Ian J. Brock
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Alkaloid Contents ◽  
Alkaloid Profiles

Rye ergot (Claviceps purpurea) occasionally causes toxicity (chiefly expressed as hyperthermia) in Australian livestock, either as a result of grazing infected annual (Lolium rigidum) and perennial (L. perenne) rye grasses, or if the ergot sclerotia produced in rye grasses contaminate grain crops used as stockfood. Alkaloids in 30 samples of Australian rye ergot sclerotia taken from rye grasses and grain screenings, and some feed samples contaminated with rye grass ergot sclerotia, were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Samples originated from across southern Australia. Ergotamine was the dominant alkaloid in all samples, followed by α-ergocryptine, ergocornine, ergosine and their respective -imine epimers. Ergotamine concentrations in sclerotia ranged up to 2257 mg/kg (as received basis). Ergocristine was a very minor component (<50 mg/kg) in all samples. Total alkaloids in freshly collected sclerotia ranged from 1003 to 3321 mg/kg (0.10 to 0.33%), and up to 3766 mg/kg with epimers included, although lower concentrations were found in samples stored for some time. Alkaloid profiles in sclerotia were all very similar, and concentrations did not appear to be related to size of sclerotia, source region, nor to the rye grass or grain from which they were taken. Previous cases of toxicity in livestock are reviewed and several new cases are reported. The implications of variable alkaloid contents of rye ergot sclerotia are discussed in terms of Australian food and stockfeed regulations.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Bemisia tabaci Genn. characterized by analysis of ISSR and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I at Qassim, Saudia Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagdy F. Abdel-Baky ◽  
J. K. Brown ◽  
M. A. Aldeghairi ◽  
M. I. Motawei ◽  
Medhat Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Genetic Structures ◽  
Issr Pcr

AbstractProblems of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) that increased and escalated in the last 40 years seem to be related to one or more aggressive biotypes that appeared to spread steadily worldwide. As well, some biological characteristics of B. tabaci have led some entomologists to change and multiply their methodology to update with the change in the pest genetic structures. This study is the 1st of its kind in Qassim region in KSA in respect of B. tabaci biotypes. Four identification methods (Squash Silverleaf Symptoms (SSL), cross mating, Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, and ISSR-PCR analysis) were carried out to determine the biotypes of B. tabaci at Qassim regions. Slight SSL symptoms were observed with varying degrees on squash leaves caused by B. tabaci population at Qassim, KSA. Cross-mating among the populations that have the same or similar genetic structures produced fertilized offspring, females and males with higher sex ratios in favor of females, and produced a higher number of eggs. Whereas, B. tabaci populations that varied greatly in their genetic structures produced unfertilized eggs, which produce males only. In the same trend, ISSR-PCR analysis revealed that B. tabaci populations at Qassim regions varied genetically and gathered into four genetic groups. In conclusion, COI analysis is a perfect tool for classification between biotypes in B. tabaci. Therefore, this study declares that B. tabaci that colonized and infest Qassim horticulture has not the same genetic structures but belonging to B biotypes. It could be named as Bemisia species complex.

scholarly journals Links Between Genetic Groups, Host Specificity, and Ergot-Alkaloid Profiles within Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. on Slovenian Grasses

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340
Author(s):  
Matevž Likar ◽  
Marjana Grandič ◽  
Breda Jakovac Strajn ◽  
Katarina Kos ◽  
Franci Aco Celar
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Alkaloid Composition ◽  
Genetic Groups

In the present study, the genetic relationships and ergot-alkaloid production of the fungus Claviceps purpurea on grasses were investigated, to determine any associations between grass host specificity, ergot-alkaloid production, and geographic origin. C. purpurea sclerotia were obtained from wild and cultivated grasses along a 300-km climatic gradient, from sub-Mediterranean to continental climates. Twenty-one infected grass samples provided 39 sclerotia for analysis of the ergot alkaloids ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocryptine, and ergocristine, and their “-inine” epimers, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. C. purpurea ribosomal DNA underwent molecular classification to determine any grass host or geographic specificity of ergot-alkaloid composition for the different operational taxonomic units. Molecular analysis of sclerotia ribosomal DNA showed three genetic groups, with some associations with specific grass host taxonomic groups. The ergot-alkaloid composition data were in agreement with the data obtained by molecular methods. The most frequent ergot-alkaloid epimers were ergocristine, and ergosine. The total ergot-alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia varied from 59 to 4,200 mg kg–1, which corresponds to 0.059 to 4.2 mg kg–1 in animal feed (assuming ergot alkaloids at 1,000 mg kg–1 sclerotia). Therefore, grasses can be associated with significant levels of ergot alkaloids. In addition, the ergot-alkaloid compositions of C. purpurea sclerotia can be different for infections with different C. purpurea genetic groups, because these show different ergot-alkaloid compositions.

Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of indolizino[8,7-b]indole alkaloid derivatives based on the tandem reaction of tertiary enamides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Ming Xu ◽  
Ming Xie ◽  
Jiazhu Li ◽  
Mei-Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tandem Reaction ◽  
Indole Derivatives

An exquisite Pybox/Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed asymmetric tandem reaction of tertiary enamides was developed, which enabled the expeditious synthesis of indolizino[8,7-b]indole derivatives in high yield, excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.

Cymoside, an original hexacyclic monoterpene indole alkaloid and others compounds from Chimarrhis cymosa (Rubiaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lemus ◽  
M Kritsanida ◽  
A Canet ◽  
S Michel ◽  
B Deguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indole Alkaloid
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