Integrated Bundle Electrode with Wettability-Gradient Copper Cones Inducing Continuous Generation, Directional Transport, and Efficient Collection of H2 Bubbles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinke Zhang ◽  
Fuyao Dong ◽  
Chuqian Wang ◽  
Jingming Wang ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Directional Transport

Initial-Position-Driven Opposite Directional Transport of Water Droplet on Wedge-Shaped Groove

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqian Hao ◽  
Xie Zhang ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Jianlong Kou ◽  
Fengmin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Droplet ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Transport Direction ◽  
Directional Transport ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
Functionalized Surface

Transport direction of water droplets on a functionalized surface is of great significance due to its wide applications in microfluidics technology. The prevailing view is that a water droplet on...

scholarly journals Motional dynamics of single Patched1 molecules in cilia are controlled by Hedgehog and cholesterol

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 5550-5557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucien E. Weiss ◽  
Ljiljana Milenkovic ◽  
Joshua Yoon ◽  
Tim Stearns ◽  
W. E. Moerner
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Motional Dynamics ◽  
Directional Transport ◽  
Bulk Behavior

The Hedgehog-signaling pathway is an important target in cancer research and regenerative medicine; yet, on the cellular level, many steps are still poorly understood. Extensive studies of the bulk behavior of the key proteins in the pathway established that during signal transduction they dynamically localize in primary cilia, antenna-like solitary organelles present on most cells. The secreted Hedgehog ligand Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) binds to its receptor Patched1 (PTCH1) in primary cilia, causing its inactivation and delocalization from cilia. At the same time, the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO) is released of its inhibition by PTCH1 and accumulates in cilia. We used advanced, single molecule-based microscopy to investigate these processes in live cells. As previously observed for SMO, PTCH1 molecules in cilia predominantly move by diffusion and less frequently by directional transport, and spend a fraction of time confined. After treatment with SHH we observed two major changes in the motional dynamics of PTCH1 in cilia. First, PTCH1 molecules spend more time as confined, and less time freely diffusing. This result could be mimicked by a depletion of cholesterol from cells. Second, after treatment with SHH, but not after cholesterol depletion, the molecules that remain in the diffusive state showed a significant increase in the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, PTCH1 inactivation by SHH changes the diffusive motion of PTCH1, possibly by modifying the membrane microenvironment in which PTCH1 resides.

Cascade damage effects on the swelling of irradiated materials

1975 ◽  
Vol 346 (1644) ◽  
pp. 81-102 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Irradiation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Rate Theory ◽  
Void Swelling ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Volume Swelling ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Cascade Damage

The homogeneous rate theory of void growth is extended to include the possibility of forming vacancy loops when the irradiation produces cascade damage. The analysis provides a basis for understanding and correlating the relative swelling generated during electron; heavy ion and fast neutron irradiation. In order to illustrate the physical features of the model it is applied in some detail to calculating the volume swelling in solution treated M316 stainless steel for which there is a considerable amount of experimental data. The results from these calculations serve to expose the sensitivity of void swelling to the scale on which interstitial loops are nucleated. They also highlight the particular difficulty arising from the continuous generation of transmutation gas in predicting swelling under neutron irradiation at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Continuous generation of soliton patterns in two-dimensional dissipative media by razor, dagger, and needle potentials

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Ying-Ji He ◽  
Boris A. Malomed ◽  
Xiao-Sheng Wang ◽  
Panayotis G. Kevrekidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Dissipative Media

scholarly journals LC3B phosphorylation regulates FYCO1 binding and directional transport of autophagosomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Nieto-Torres ◽  
Sean-Luc Shanahan ◽  
Romain Chassefeyre ◽  
Tai Chaiamarit ◽  
Sviatlana Zaretski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directional Transport

Effect of asymmetric wettability on directional transport of water through Janus fabrics prepared by an electrospinning technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Huang ◽  
Yingchun Liang ◽  
Junhua Wang ◽  
Xianhua Zeng ◽  
Zhengrong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Directional Transport

scholarly journals High throughput functional variant screens via in-vivo production of single-stranded DNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max G. Schubert ◽  
Daniel B. Goodman ◽  
Timothy M. Wannier ◽  
Divjot Kaur ◽  
Fahim Farzadfard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Functional Variant ◽  
Continuous Generation ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Targeted Deep Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput Screens

AbstractTremendous genetic variation exists in nature, but our ability to create and characterize individual genetic variants remains far more limited in scale. Likewise, engineering proteins and phenotypes requires the introduction of synthetic variants, but design of variants outpaces experimental measurement of variant effect. Here, we optimize efficient and continuous generation of precise genomic edits in Escherichia coli, via in-vivo production of single-stranded DNA by the targeted reverse-transcription activity of retrons. Greater than 90% editing efficiency can be obtained using this method, enabling multiplexed applications. We introduce Retron Library Recombineering (RLR), a system for high-throughput screens of variants, wherein the association of introduced edits with their retron elements enables a targeted deep sequencing phenotypic output. We use RLR for pooled, quantitative phenotyping of synthesized variants, characterizing antibiotic resistance alleles. We also perform RLR using sheared genomic DNA of an evolved bacterium, experimentally querying millions of sequences for antibiotic resistance variants. In doing so, we demonstrate that RLR is uniquely suited to utilize non-designed sources of variation. Pooled experiments using ssDNA produced in vivo thus present new avenues for exploring variation, both designed and not, across the entire genome.

scholarly journals Continuous Generation of NADH from NAD⊕ and Formate Using a Homogeneous Catalyst with Enhanced Molecular Weight in a Membrane Reactor

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Steckhan ◽  
Sabine Herrmann ◽  
Romain Ruppert ◽  
Jörg Thömmes ◽  
Christian Wandrey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Continuous Generation
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