Class III human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: a novel structural type equidistantly related to the class I and class II enzymes

Biochemistry ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Kaiser ◽  
Barton Holmquist ◽  
John Hempel ◽  
Bert L. Vallee ◽  
Hans Jörnvall
Biochemistry ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Wagner ◽  
Xavier Pares ◽  
Barton Holmquist ◽  
Bert L. Vallee

Biochemistry ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 5303-5307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hempel ◽  
Barton Holmquist ◽  
Louise Fleetwood ◽  
Rudolf Kaiser ◽  
Jane Barros-Soederling ◽  
...  

Biochemistry ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1926-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Olov Höög ◽  
Hedvig Von Bahr-Lindstroem ◽  
Lars Olof Heden ◽  
Barton Holmquist ◽  
Kerstin Larsson ◽  
...  

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (23) ◽  
pp. 11222-11226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kaiser ◽  
M R Fernández ◽  
X Parés ◽  
H Jörnvall

In contrast to the multiplicity of alcohol dehydrogenase in vertebrates, a class III type of the enzyme [i.e., a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase; formaldehyde; NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating), EC 1.2.1.1.] is the only form detectable in appreciable yield in octopus. It is enzymatically and structurally highly similar to the human class III enzyme, with limited overall residue differences (26%) and only a few conservative residue exchanges at the substrate and coenzyme pockets, reflecting "constant" characteristics of this class over wide time periods. It is distinct from the ethanol-active "variable" class I type of the enzyme (i.e., classical liver alcohol dehydrogenase; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1). The residue conservation of class III is also spaced differently from that of class I but is typical of that of proteins in general, emphasizing that class I, with divergence at three functional segments, is the form with deviating properties. In spite of the conservation in class III, surface charges differ considerably. The apparent absence of a class I enzyme in octopus and the constant nature of the class III enzyme support the concept of a duplicative origin of the class I line from the ancient class III form. Still more distant relationships define further enzyme lines that have subunits with other properties.


Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Chen ◽  
Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang ◽  
Ti-Feng Wu ◽  
I-Kuan Wang ◽  
...  

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.


1988 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna FORMICKA-KOZLOWSKA ◽  
Helga SCHNEIDER-BERNLOHR ◽  
Jean-Pierre WARTBURG ◽  
Michael ZEPPEZAUER

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