Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

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Pattern of Malocclusion among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Hospitals and Private Clinics of Province 2, Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Kaushal K Singh ◽

Binita Singh ◽

Rajiv Yadav

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Class Iii ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Malocclusion affect the esthetic, function of the patients, so they seek orthodontic treatment for normal function and healthy and beautiful smile. Increase in public awareness and availability of orthodontic specialty services have led to increasing number of orthodontic patients in specialty clinics and hospitals. The objective of this study is to examine the pattern of malocclusion in the patients visiting medical and dental teaching hospitals and dental clinics and to measure the different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes. Materials and Method: Three hundred seventeen acceptable study casts were selected from 403 case records of orthodontic patients who visited the different hospitals and private clinics of Province 2, Nepal. A standard guidance of Angle’s classification was used to classify the cases and casts were measured to record the data. Different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes was studied. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and SD) and inferential statistics (chi square and fisher exact test) was used to find out the association between occlusal traits and demographic variables. Result: According to the Angle’s classification of malocclusion, most of the patient’s cast 65.9% were of class I, followed by class II 31.8%, class III 5.3% occlusion pattern. Among the class II malocclusion, class II division 1 malocclusion was more prevalent (86.13%). Under space discrepancies, crowding of teeth was present in 42.58% of patient. Of the total teeth crowding patient, 70.3% had crowding of teeth in both the arches followed by only mandibular arch (25.18%). There is statistically significant association between the age and the occlusal traits like crowding (p value 0.008), spacing (p value 0.000) and overjet (p value 0.000) at 0.01 level of significance. Conclusion: Angle’s class I was the most prevalent malocclusion followed by class II and class III. Increased overjet was the commonest occlusal trait. There was statistically significant association between the age and occlusal traits like crowding, spacing and overjet.

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The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.067-074.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Waqar Jeelani ◽

◽

Mubassar Fida ◽

Attiya Shaikh ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Class I ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Class Iii ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.

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Malocclusion Pattern (Angle's) in Mauritian Orthodontic Patients

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2012/210306 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

B. H. Durgesh ◽

Prashanth Prakash ◽

Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah ◽

Basavaraj Subashchandra Phulari ◽

Abdul Aziz A. Al Kheraif

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Age Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Chinese Ethnicity ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Study Population

The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of malocclusion in different ethnic group of Mauritian population visiting the Orthodontic Department at Mauras College of Dentistry and Hospital, Republic of Mauritius. The study population comprised of 624 patients who visited the orthodontic department during 2010. The clinical examination was conducted by a well-calibrated orthodontist. The data were recorded in the case sheets and was analyzed for presence of angles class I, class II, and class III malocclusion in both male and female patients of Asian, African, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicity aged 5–55 years. Malocclusion was found to be high in females compared to males. 414 patients (150 male + 264 female) presented with class I, 182 patients (52 male + 130 female) presented with class II, and 28 patients (12 male + 16 female) presented with class III. Asian ethnic group were more affected and patient seeking orthodontic treatment was high in 11–15 years age group.

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RADIOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES IN LIBYAN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS

The Libyan Dentail Journal ◽

10.5542/ldj.v5i0.22121262 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Iman Abdelgader ◽

Tyisir Gnaiber ◽

Kadija Emnina ◽

Sulieman Orofi

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Division I ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

Dental Anomaly ◽

Ectopic Eruption ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Male Subjects

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in different Libyan orthodontic malocclusions.Materials and Methods: Pretreatment orthodontic records of 252 Subjects (57 Males and 195 Females) were classified as Class I (159), Class II Division I (66), Class II Division II (8) and Class III (19). The incidence rates of specific dental anomalies were investigated and analyzed to study the differences of rates of each anomaly according to sex and malocclusion using descriptive analysisResult: It was found that (53.5%) of the patients had at least one dental anomaly in this study. ectopic eruption was the most prevalent dental anomaly (34.9%) followed by thin pipette-shaped roots and short blunt root (30.1%, 24.2%) respectively.Conclusions: Male subjects showed more ectopic eruption and short blunt root then female, Class I malocclusion had the most prevalent dental anomalies compared to the other malocclusion groups.

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Evaluating Distance between Vibrating Line and Fovea Palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate Types

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i4331073 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-86

Author(s):

Bharat Kumar ◽

Muhammad Abbas ◽

Asma Naz ◽

Naresh Kumar ◽

Shahid Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Oral Health ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Class Ii ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Class I ◽

Age Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mean distance between the vibrating line and fovea palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate types. Methodology: This study was conducted at Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences Karachi among 197patients. Duration of study was six months. All patients were examined for vibrating line clinically, assessed using phonation method. Subsequently, distance between vibrating line and fovea paltatinae was measured with uncalibrated compass in various contours of soft palate. Results: Out of 197 patient, the vibrating line was seen in130 (64%) anterior to fovea palatinae, whereas, 67 (34%) vibrating line was at the fovea palatinae. The mean distance of those anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatine was calculated as 2.13 (±0.82) mm in Class, 2.07 (±0.69) mm in Class II and 1.80 (±0.82) mm in Class III soft palate contours. Statistical analysis showed no significant between gender, while statistically significant difference among age group and mean distance of anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatinae were found. Conclusions: The mean distance of vibrating line which is predominately found anterior to the fovea palatinae was 2.07 (±0.77) mm.

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Comparison of the population occlusal characteristics in 3 Brazilian regions

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e1839108586

Author(s):

Marcio da Costa Almeida ◽

Paula Cotrin ◽

Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽

Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽

Ricardo Cesar Gobbi de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Open Bite ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

Individual Traits ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of individual traits of malocclusion in a sample of three Brazilian regions orthodontic patients and to detect interregional population differences in the prevalence of certain occlusal characteristics. The present study was based on the examination of dental casts, intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs of 947 orthodontic patients from 3 cities: 363 from Fortaleza (CE), 270 from Maringá (PR) and 314 from Bauru (SP), respectively, representing the Northeast, South and Southeast Brazilian regions. The relationship of the first maxillary and mandibular molars according to Angle’s classification, overjet, overbite, crowding, posterior crossbite and maxillary median diastema were examined. The chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to determine potential differences in the distribution of malocclusion when stratified Brazilian regions. Class I malocclusion was found in 499 (52.69%), Class II in 395 (41.71%) and Class III malocclusion in 53 (5,59%) subjects of all examined. Deep overbite (3.59%), midline diastemas (5.17%) and posterior crossbite (4.75%) were observed more frequently in Bauru; however, in Maringá, normal overbite (13.3%) and open bite (4.75%) were more prevalent. The results of this study showed that Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent, followed by Class II and Class III malocclusions. These occlusal relationships evaluated in the three Brazilian regions follow the same pattern of frequency as the result presented by the general population of the sample.

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Class II subdivision treatment with the Herbst appliance

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/052912-449 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 327-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Niko C. Bock ◽

Benjamin Reiser ◽

Sabine Ruf

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Midline Shift ◽

Herbst Appliance ◽

Short Term ◽

Retention Period ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Original Class

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Class II subdivision Herbst nonextraction treatment and its short-term stability retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two Class II subdivision (SUB: right-left molar difference ≥0.75 cusp width) and 22 symmetric Class II patients (SYM: ≥0.75 cusp width bilaterally) were matched according to gender and pretreatment handwrist radiographic stage. The mean treatment duration of the Herbst and subsequent multibracket phase was 8 months and 14 months, respectively. The mean retention period amounted to 36 months. Dental casts from before treatment (T1), after Herbst treatment (T2), after Multibracket treatment (T3), and after retention (T4) were evaluated. Results: A bilateral Class I or super Class I molar relationship was seen in 72.7% (SUB) and 77.3% (SYM) at T3. The corresponding values at T4 were 63.7% (SUB) and 72.7% (SYM). A unilateral or bilateral Class III molar relationship was more frequent in the SUB group (T3: +4.6%; T4: +13.6%). For overjet, similar mean values were seen in both groups after treatment (T3: SUB, 2.7 mm; SYM, 2.3 mm) and after retention (T4: SUB, 3.0 mm; SYM, 3.4 mm). This was also true for the midline shift (T3: SUB, −0.4 mm; SYM, 0.0 mm; T4: SUB, −0.3 mm; SYM, 0.0 mm). Conclusion: Class II subdivision Herbst treatment was successful similarly to symmetric Class II Herbst treatment. However, a slight overcompensation of the molar relationship (Class III tendency) was more frequent in the subdivision patients (original Class I side).

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Pattern of Malocclusion in Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Medical Colleges & Teaching Hospitals of Chitwan, Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v8i2.23069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

Bashu Raj Pandey ◽

Shailendra Kumar Singh ◽

Rajan Singh ◽

Rajeev Mishra ◽

Srijana Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Class Iii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Deep Bite ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Medical Colleges

Introduction: Various forms of malocclusion is most common dentofacial abnormality found in human population. People seek tteatment for such abnormalities based on the severity. The objective of this research is to evaluate Pattern of Malocclusion in Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Medical Colleges and Teaching Hospitals of Chitwan, Nepal. Materials & Method: Two hundred thirty nine pre-operative study casts of orthodontic patients aged from 12-50 years selected from 550 patient’s records of departments of orthodontics of Chitwan Medical Colleges and Colleges of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur of Chitwan. Standard protocol of Angle’s classification of malocclusion was used to classify malocclusion and its attributes were recorded. Pearson’s Chi square test was performed to justify the result. Result: The prevalence of malocclusion were 61.92% , 33.47% and 4.60% for Angle’s class I, Angle’s class II and Angle’s class III malocclusion respectively. Among various attributes of malocclusion, deep bite had highest frequency with 67.36% followed by overjet 58.99%, crowding 53.13% and spacing 35.98%, Anterior cross bite 11.71% reverse overjet 4.6%, posterior cross bite 1.2% and scissor bite 0.041%. Pearson Chi square test showed no relation among these attributes and sex and age at p < .05. Conclusion: Angle’s class I malocclusion is most prevalent followed by Angle’s class II and Angle’s class III.

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On anthropometric data of the male student candidates of the Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy at the University of Tartu in 2017

Papers on Anthropology ◽

10.12697/poa.2019.28.2.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mart Lintsi ◽

Rein Aule ◽

Heiti Annus ◽

Martin Mooses ◽

Mehis Viru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Male Student ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Average Weight ◽

Class Iii ◽

Ideal Weight ◽

The Mean ◽

The University ◽

The Ideal

The purpose of this study was to investigate some anthropometric variables of student candidates of the Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu in 2017. All anthropometric measurements were made according to the recommendations of R. Martin [7]. Comparison of the height and weight data of the studied subjects with the height and weight norms of Estonia provided by Kaarma et al. [9] revealed that the entrants were taller in height but with the same average weight. In our study, the somatotypes recommended by Kaarma et al. [9] were used for the first time on entrants to the university. Our study found that male student candidates’ body somatotypes were divided into SD classes as follows: small 8.6%, medium 22.9%, large 18.6%; subtypes of pycnomorphic somatotypes: 7.1% in class I, 1.4% in class II, and 8.6% in class III; leptomorphic somatotypes were divided: 11.4% in class I, none in class II and 31.4% in class III. Based on the recommendations of several authors, we calculated the ideal body weight for all the entrants enrolled in the study. Comparison of the average body weight of entrants with the average weight calculated using the ideal weight method revealed an interesting situation. Namely, the mean values calculated using the Devine (1974) formula did not differ statistically significantly from the mean of the measured weights (t=0.101, p> 0.05). Neither did Devine’s (1974) ideal weight and BMI, Rohrer’s index and ponderal index calculated from it, and the body surface calculated according to the formulas of Dubois and Dubois and Mosteller differ from the actual figures.

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Rotation of the upper first molar in Class I, II, and III patients

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.175696 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 059-063

Author(s):

Cristiane de Oliveira Viganó ◽

Viviane Ekerman da Rocha ◽

Laerte Ribeiro Menezes Junior ◽

Luiz Renato Paranhos ◽

Adilson Luiz Ramos

Keyword(s):

Rotation Angle ◽

Class Ii ◽

Variance Analysis ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

The Mean ◽

Upper Molar ◽

Line Crossing

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean rotation of the upper first molar (U1st M) in cast models from nontreated patients presenting: Class I, skeletal Class II, dental Class II, and skeletal Class III, comparing with Class I orthodontically treated patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred cast models were evaluated with five groups, composed of nontreated Class I (n = 20), dental Class II (n = 20), skeletal Class II (n = 20), skeletal Class III (n = 20), and treated Class I (n = 20). Measurements were taken from photocopies of the upper arches. The angle formed between a line crossing the mesiopalatal and the distal-buccalcusps of the U1st M and a line traced on mid palatal junction were measured in all samples. Results: One-way variance analysis showed that dental Class II group presented great mean rotation of the 1st molar (x = 78.95°, SD = 6.19) (P < 0.05), and in 85% of the patients from this group this angle was higher than 73°. Conclusions: The skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III groups showed similar mean position of the 1st molar, presenting rotation in approximately 50% of the patients. It can be concluded that upper molar rotation occurs mainly in dental Class II patients and shows higher mesial rotation angle.

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