Role of (1,3)(1,4)-β-Glucan in Cell Walls: Interaction with Cellulose

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1727-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Kiemle ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Alan R. Esker ◽  
Guillermo Toriz ◽  
Paul Gatenholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls

Etude ultrastructurale des relations hôte–parasite au cours de l'infection des pommes par le Phytophthora cactorum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Mourichon ◽  
G. Sallé
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Extrahaustorial Matrix ◽  
Apple Fruits

An electron microscopic study was performed on haustoria of Phytophthora cactorum (L. et C.) Schroeter developed in tissues of two cultivars of apple fruits: a susceptible variety ('Golden delicious') and a resistant one ('Belle de Boskoop'). Ultrastructure of intercellular hyphae and some aspects of their penetration between contiguous host cells were described. A light dissolution of the host cell walls was observed. Ontogenic investigations indicated that in the susceptible host, the wall of the fungal haustoria was covered with a dense-stained extrahaustorial matrix. Its origin and its polysaccharide nature were demonstrated. On the other hand, the resistant host developed, immediately after the inoculation, a papilla which gave rise, later on, to a sheath enclosing adult haustoria. The role of these callosic structures in the phenomenon of resistance was discussed.

scholarly journals Role of chemokines and cytokines in a reactivation model of arthritis in rats induced by injection with streptococcal cell walls

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Schrier ◽  
R. C. Schimmer ◽  
C. M. Flory ◽  
D. K.-L. Tung ◽  
P. A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls

scholarly journals The role of benzoate secreted by Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans DSM 771 in sulfate uptake.

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Lucyna Pawłowska-Cwiek ◽  
Ryszard Pado
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Sulfate Uptake ◽  
Diammonium Salt ◽  
Benzoate Derivatives

This work was designed to find the cause of the delay in hydrogen sulfide dissimilation in Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans DSM 771, which is dependent on the sulfate uptake. This bacterium grown without addition of any aromatic compound was shown by spectrum analysis with the methylene method to contain hydroxy-benzoate derivatives. The presence of these compounds was confirmed by HPLC in fractions obtained from cell walls after 15 days of culture. The test with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt seemed to indicate the presence of peroxidase, which probably oxidized benzoate to its hydroxy derivatives. The test with 5-sulfo-salicylic acid proved the ability of the investigated strain to utilize arylsulfates and to reduce sulfate group to hydrogen sulfide. On the basis of the above data, we propose the following sequence of reactions: 1, benzoate secretion; 2, benzoate hydroxylation; 3, sulfonation of hydroxy-benzoate derivatives.

THE ROLE OF POLYISOPRENYL ALCOHOLS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE PEPTIDOGLYCAN OF BACTERIAL CELL WALLS AND OTHER COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDES

1972 ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Strominger ◽  
Yasushi Higashi ◽  
Heinrich Sandermann ◽  
K. John Stone ◽  
Eileen Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

LYSOZYME SENSITIVITY OF THE CELL WALL OF PSEUDO-MONAS AERUGINOSA: FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF THE NON-PEPTIDOGLYCAN COMPONENTS IN CELL WALL RIGIDITY

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jane Carson ◽  
R. G. Eagon
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Cell Wall Rigidity

Electron micrographs of thin sections of normal cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the cell walls to be convoluted and to be composed of two distinct layers. Electron micrographs of thin sections of lysozyme-treated cells of P. aeruginosa showed (a) that the cell walls lost much of their convoluted nature; (b) that the layers of the cell walls became diffuse and less distinct; and (c) that the cell walls became separated from the protoplasts over extensive cellular areas. These results suggest that the peptidoglycan component of the unaltered cell walls of P. aeruginosa is sensitive to lysozyme. Furthermore, it appears that the peptidoglycan component is not solely responsible for the rigidity of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria.

The Role of Endoxyloglucan Transferase in the Organization of Plant Cell Walls

1997 ◽  
pp. 157-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Nishitani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

The role of the cell walls in Ni binding by plant roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 234-235 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataly Meychik ◽  
Yuliya Nikolaeva ◽  
Maria Kushunina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Roots

scholarly journals Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Charlotte Berthelot ◽  
Asfaw Zegeye ◽  
Dalia A. Gaber ◽  
Michel Chalot ◽  
Philipp Franken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Zn Tolerance

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are often trace element (TE)-tolerant fungi and are abundant in TE-polluted environments. The production of melanin, a black polymer found in cell walls, was hypothesized by several authors to play a role in the TE tolerance of DSEs. To test this hypothesis, we established a series of experiments using albino strains and melanin inhibitors and examined the responses to Cd and Zn. Six DSEs belonging to genera Cadophora sp., Leptodontidium sp. and Phialophora mustea, were evaluated. The strains mainly produced 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin whereas 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin melanin was also synthetized. Cd and Zn decreased melanin synthesis in most of the strains. A reduction in melanin concentration in hyphae through the use of tricyclazole, an inhibitor of DHN-melanin synthesis, did not reduce the tolerance of the strains to Cd and Zn. Similarly, albino mutants of Leptodontidium sp. were not more sensitive to Cd and Zn than the WT strain. Moreover, tricyclazole-treated colonies accumulated less Cd but more Zn compared to untreated colonies. The Cd and Zn contents of Leptodontidium albino strains were variable and similar to that of the WT. The results suggest that melanin production is not an important functional trait that contributes to Cd and Zn tolerance, but might contribute to Cd accumulation.

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