scholarly journals Source Apportionment Using Radiocarbon and Organic Tracers for PM2.5 Carbonaceous Aerosols in Guangzhou, South China: Contrasting Local- and Regional-Scale Haze Events

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (20) ◽  
pp. 12002-12011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwen Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yanlin Zhang ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Ping Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
South China ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols

scholarly journals Radiocarbon-Based Source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols at a Regional Background Site on Hainan Island, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2651-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Lin Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Gan Zhang ◽  
Peter Zotter ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
South China ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Regional Background

scholarly journals Source apportionment and dynamic changes of carbonaceous aerosols during the haze bloom–decay process in China based on radiocarbon and organic molecular tracers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 34949-34979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
J. Li ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
P. Ding ◽  
C. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
South China ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Fossil Carbon

Abstract. Fine carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) is the key factor influencing the currently filthy air in megacities of China, yet seldom study simultaneously focuses on the origins of different CAs species using specific and powerful source tracers. Here, we present a detailed source apportionment for various CAs fractions, including organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), water-insoluble OC (WIOC), elemental carbon (EC) and secondary OC (SOC) in the largest cities of North (Beijing, BJ) and South China (Guangzhou, GZ), respectively, using the measurements of radiocarbon and anhydrosugars. Results show that non-fossil fuel sources such as biomass burning and biogenic emission make a significant contribution to the total CAs in Chinese megacities: 56 ± 4 % in BJ and 46 ± 5 % in GZ, respectively. The relative contributions of primary fossil carbon from coal and liquid petroleum combustions, primary non-fossil carbon and secondary organic carbon (SOC) to total carbon are 19, 28 and 54 % in BJ, and 40, 15 and 46 % in GZ, respectively. Non-fossil fuel sources account for 52 % in BJ and 71 % in GZ of SOC, respectively. These results suggest that biomass burning has a greater influence on regional particulate air pollution in North China than in South China. We observed an unabridged haze bloom–decay process in South China, which illustrates that both primary and secondary matter from fossil sources played a key role in the blooming phase of the pollution episode, while haze phase is predominantly driven by fossil-derived secondary organic matter and nitrate.

scholarly journals Source apportionment and dynamic changes of carbonaceous aerosols during the haze bloom-decay process in China based on radiocarbon and organic molecular tracers

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2985-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwen Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Ping Ding ◽  
Chengde Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
South China ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Fossil Carbon

Abstract. Fine carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) is the key factor influencing the currently filthy air in megacities in China, yet few studies simultaneously focus on the origins of different CAs species using specific and powerful source tracers. Here, we present a detailed source apportionment for various CAs fractions, including organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), water-insoluble OC (WIOC), elemental carbon (EC) and secondary OC (SOC) in the largest cities of North (Beijing, BJ) and South China (Guangzhou, GZ), using the measurements of radiocarbon and anhydrosugars. Results show that non-fossil fuel sources such as biomass burning and biogenic emission make a significant contribution to the total CAs in Chinese megacities: 56 ± 4 in BJ and 46 ± 5 % in GZ, respectively. The relative contributions of primary fossil carbon from coal and liquid petroleum combustions, primary non-fossil carbon and secondary organic carbon (SOC) to total carbon are 19, 28 and 54 % in BJ, and 40, 15 and 46 % in GZ, respectively. Non-fossil fuel sources account for 52 in BJ and 71 % in GZ of SOC, respectively. These results suggest that biomass burning has a greater influence on regional particulate air pollution in North China than in South China. We observed an unabridged haze bloom-decay process in South China, which illustrates that both primary and secondary matter from fossil sources played a key role in the blooming phase of the pollution episode, while haze phase is predominantly driven by fossil-derived secondary organic matter and nitrate.

scholarly journals Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Olivier Favez ◽  
Jean-Eudes Petit ◽  
Francesco Canonaco ◽  
Francois Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing air quality and climate change. However, highly-time resolved year-round characterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are still very limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present an analysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination of Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and multi-wavelength aethalometer from November 2011 to March 2018 at a background site of the Paris region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partially constrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine (ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors were identified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors were designated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The latter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrations in winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18–33 %) due to enhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated from traffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in cold periods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- and more-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factors presented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmospheric formation pathways. A pronounced increase of LO-OOA concentrations and contributions (50–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainly explained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenic gaseous precursors. Conversely high concentrations and OA contributions (32–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partly associated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport from northeastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as a function of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA during pollution episodes in fall and winter, and of SOA for highest springtime and summertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated a decreasing feature (of about 200 ng m−3 yr−1) for MO-OOA, very limited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil fuel and biomass burning black carbon components), and no trend for LO-OOA over the 6+-year investigated period.

Source apportionment of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils on a regional scale using geographically weighted PCA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shuyi ◽  
Gao Bingbo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals ◽  
Farmland Soils

<p>Source apportionment of soil heavy metals is an challenge and urgent work as the result of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. The common approach is multivariate statistical analysis, such as PCA and APCS/MLR, which infers only a single pattern of sources of heavy metals in entire study area. Due to complicated pathways and processes, patterns of pollution sources in a whole region may include two or more. Hence, we developed an analytical framework based on GWPCA to explore multiple patterns of sources of soil heavy metals on a regional scale. Xiangtan county, an important grain-producing area in China, was taken as a case study, which suffers the problem of heavy metal pollutions. Our results revealed the pollution situations of five soil heavy metals(Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Hg) in farmland soils and suggested that there exists various pollution patterns of these heavy metals in Xiangtan county. In each pattern, the structure of contamination sources is different. Our study also indicates that the analytical framework considering the spatial heterogeneity of pollution sources can help take more precise practices to solve this vital problem.</p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Urban Areas of Xiangtan, Central South China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyao Ma ◽  
Zhenghui Xiao ◽  
Lizhi He ◽  
Zongbo Shi ◽  
Yunjiang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
South China ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Wind Speeds

Xiangtan, South China, is characterized by year-round high relative humidity and very low wind speeds. To assess levels of PM2.5, daily samples were collected from 2016 to 2017 at two urban sites. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 were in the range of 30–217 µg/m3, with the highest concentrations in winter and the lowest in spring. Major water-soluble ions (WSIIs) and total carbon (TC) accounted for 58–59% and 21–24% of the PM2.5 mass, respectively. Secondary inorganic ions (SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+) dominated the WSIIs and accounted for 73% and 74% at the two sites. The concentrations of K, Fe, Al, Sb, Ca, Zn, Mg, Pb, Ba, As, and Mn in the PM2.5 at the two sites were higher than 40 ng/m3, and decreased in the order of winter > autumn > spring. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Tl, and Pb mainly originates from anthropogenic sources. Source apportionment analysis showed that secondary inorganic aerosols, vehicle exhaust, coal combustion and secondary aerosols, fugitive dust, industrial emissions, steel industry are the major sources of PM2.5, contributing 25–27%, 21–22%, 19–21%, 16–18%, 6–9%, and 8–9% to PM2.5 mass.

scholarly journals Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous highly time-resolved measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 14755-14776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Olivier Favez ◽  
Jean-Eudes Petit ◽  
Francesco Canonaco ◽  
Francois Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing air quality and climate change. However, highly time-resolved long-term characterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are still very limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present an analysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination of an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a multiwavelength Aethalometer from November 2011 to March 2018 at a peri-urban background site of the Paris region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partially constrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine (ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors were identified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors were designated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The latter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrations in winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18 %–33 %) due to enhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated from traffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in cold periods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- and more-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factors presented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmospheric formation pathways. A pronounced increase in LO-OOA concentrations and contributions (50 %–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainly explained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenic gaseous precursors. Conversely, high concentrations and OA contributions (32 %–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partly associated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport from northeastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as a function of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA during pollution episodes in fall and winter and of SOA for highest springtime and summertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated a decreasing feature (of about −175 ng m−3 yr−1) for MO-OOA, very limited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil-fuel and biomass-burning black carbon components) and no statistically significant trend for LO-OOA over the 6-year investigated period.

scholarly journals Year-round radiocarbon-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols at two background sites in South Asia

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D10) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Sheesley ◽  
Elena Kirillova ◽  
August Andersson ◽  
Martin Kruså ◽  
P. S. Praveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols

scholarly journals Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> peat combustion source profiles with atmospheric aging in an oxidation flow reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 5475-5501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith C. Chow ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
L.-W. Antony Chen ◽  
Xiaoliang Wang ◽  
Qiyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Combustion Source ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Source Profiles

Abstract. Smoke from laboratory chamber burning of peat fuels from Russia, Siberia, the USA (Alaska and Florida), and Malaysia representing boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions was sampled before and after passing through a potential-aerosol-mass oxidation flow reactor (PAM-OFR) to simulate intermediately aged (∼2 d) and well-aged (∼7 d) source profiles. Species abundances in PM2.5 between aged and fresh profiles varied by several orders of magnitude with two distinguishable clusters, centered around 0.1 % for reactive and ionic species and centered around 10 % for carbon. Organic carbon (OC) accounted for 58 %–85 % of PM2.5 mass in fresh profiles with low elemental carbon (EC) abundances (0.67 %–4.4 %). OC abundances decreased by 20 %–33 % for well-aged profiles, with reductions of 3 %–14 % for the volatile OC fractions (e.g., OC1 and OC2, thermally evolved at 140 and 280 ∘C). Ratios of organic matter (OM) to OC abundances increased by 12 %–19 % from intermediately aged to well-aged smoke. Ratios of ammonia (NH3) to PM2.5 decreased after intermediate aging. Well-aged NH4+ and NO3- abundances increased to 7 %–8 % of PM2.5 mass, associated with decreases in NH3, low-temperature OC, and levoglucosan abundances for Siberia, Alaska, and Everglades (Florida) peats. Elevated levoglucosan was found for Russian peats, accounting for 35 %–39 % and 20 %–25 % of PM2.5 mass for fresh and aged profiles, respectively. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fractions of PM2.5 were over 2-fold higher in fresh Russian peat (37.0±2.7 %) than in Malaysian (14.6±0.9 %) peat. While Russian peat OC emissions were largely water-soluble, Malaysian peat emissions were mostly water-insoluble, with WSOC ∕ OC ratios of 0.59–0.71 and 0.18–0.40, respectively. This study shows significant differences between fresh and aged peat combustion profiles among the four biomes that can be used to establish speciated emission inventories for atmospheric modeling and receptor model source apportionment. A sufficient aging time (∼7 d) is needed to allow gas-to-particle partitioning of semi-volatilized species, gas-phase oxidation, and particle volatilization to achieve representative source profiles for regional-scale source apportionment.

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