Molal volumes of lithium, sodium, and potassium chloride in multicomponent electrolyte solutions (lithium chloride-sodium chloride-potassium chloride-aqueous dioxane)

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratan L. Blokhra ◽  
Neerja Sakhuja
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Dioxane ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

RECIPROCAL SALT PAIRS, INVOLVING THE CATIONS Li2, Na2, AND K2, THE ANIONS SO4, AND Cl2, AND WATER, AT 25 °C

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
E. G. Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Invariant Point ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lithium Sulphate ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Chloride Monohydrate

In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, K2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there are large areas in which potassium sulphate and potassium lithium sulphate (KLiSO4) are separately in equilibrium with solution. Two incongruent invariant points exist. At one of these the composition of the solution is 0.917 mole fraction chloride, 0.437 mole fraction lithium, and 19.4 moles of water per total mole of salt, the equilibrium solid phases being potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, and the double salt. At the second, the composition of the solution is 0.967 mole fraction chloride, 0.870 mole fraction lithium, and 13.8 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being potassium chloride, double salt, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. One congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is 1.00 mole fraction chloride, 0.960 mole fraction lithium, and 9.6 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being lithium sulphate monohydrate, lithium chloride monohydrate, and potassium chloride.In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, Na2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there is an incongruent invariant point at which the composition of the solution is 0.873 mole fraction chloride, 0.668 mole fraction lithium, and 15.1 moles water per total mole of salt, the solid phases being sodium chloride, solid solution of sodium and lithium sulphates, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. A congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is practically entirely lithium chloride, the solid phases present being lithium chloride monohydrate, lithium sulphate monohydrate, and sodium chloride.

Osmotic coefficients of aqueous lithium chloride and potassium chloride from their isopiestic ratios to sodium chloride at 45.degree.C

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Davis ◽  
Lisa M. Duckett ◽  
Judith F. Owen ◽  
C. Stuart Patterson ◽  
Robert Saleeby
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Osmotic Coefficients

Influence of Sodium Substitution with Potassium on Microbial and Organoleptic Spoilage Patterns in Sliced Vacuum-Packed Pasteurized Pork Loin

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. S. NIELSEN ◽  
P. ZEUTHEN
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Sodium Substitution ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Sliced, cured, cooked and smoked pork loin was produced with sodium chloride or a mixture of sodium and potassium chloride, with each preparation of pork loin having the same water activity (0.967–0.968). The pork loins were sliced, vacuum packaged and stored at 2, 5 and 10°C. Microbial spoilage was determined using selective and nonselective media to enumerate total aerobic bacteria, lactics, Brochothrix thermosphacta, gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Spoilage was also determined using sensory evaluation. Generally, the influence of sodium substitution on microorganisms was minimal. Organoleptic scores were similar for the two preparations of pork loin, hence no adverse effect of sodium substitution was observed.

scholarly journals Hypotonic enteral electrolyte solutions administered by nasoesophageal tube in continuous flow in dogs dehydrated by water restriction: Part 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
W.M.F. Dantas ◽  
J.D. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
G.M.M. Silva ◽  
P.A.N. Ermita ◽  
L.C. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Calcium Acetate ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Osmotic Concentration

ABSTRACT The present study assessed and compared the effects of hypotonic enteral electrolyte solutions administered by nasoesophageal tube in continuous flow in dogs submitted to water restriction on packed cell volume; total serum protein and serum osmolarity concentrations; blood volume; plasma glucose and lactate levels; blood gas analysis, anion gap, and strong ion difference. Six adult dogs were used (four males and two females). All animals were submitted to both proposed treatments in a crossover design 6×2. The treatments were as follows: ESmalt consisting of 5g sodium chloride, 1g potassium chloride, 1g calcium acetate, 0.2g magnesium pidolate, and 9.6g maltodextrin that were diluted in 1.000mL water (measured osmotic concentration of 215mOsm L−1) and ESdext consisting of 5g sodium chloride, 1g potassium chloride, 1g calcium acetate, 0.2g magnesium pidolate, and 9.6g dextrose that were diluted in 1.000mL water (measured osmotic concentration of 243mOsm L−1). All solutions were administered at 15ml kg−1 h−1 for 4 hours. Both solutions increased the plasma volume in dehydrated dogs without causing adverse effects. However, ESmalt was more effective in promoting the increase in blood volume.

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