Electrostatics of B-DNA in NaCl and CaCl2Solutions: Ion Size, Interionic Correlation, and Solvent Dielectric Saturation Effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (30) ◽  
pp. 8955-8965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Gavryushov
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Ion Size ◽  
Dielectric Saturation

Quantum mechanical calculation of thermodynamic functions of solvation of ammonium ions in water

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1746-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Contreras ◽  
Gilles Klopman
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Enthalpy Of Solvation ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Generalized Born ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Dielectric Saturation ◽  
Generalized Born Formula ◽  
Good Agreement

The application of an extended version of the generalized Born formula including dielectric saturation effects, implemented within the SCF-CNDO/2 approximation, provides a complete set of data concerning the thermodynamics of solvation of some ammonium ions in water. The calculated free energies of solvation are in good agreement with experimental data. An estimation of the entropy and enthalpy of solvation is also given and satisfactory qualitative trends are obtained.

Dielectric saturation effects in cylindrical polyelectrolytes

1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (17) ◽  
pp. 3197-3201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Troll ◽  
Bruno H. Zimm
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Dielectric Saturation

scholarly journals The Hydration Repulsion between Charged Surfaces as an Interplay of Volume Exclusion and Dielectric Saturation Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Paunov ◽  
R.I. Dimova ◽  
P.A. Kralchevsky ◽  
G. Broze ◽  
A. Mehreteab
Keyword(s):  
Charged Surfaces ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Dielectric Saturation

On the hydration of simple ions and polyions

1964 ◽  
Vol 256 (1074) ◽  
pp. 389-437 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
Partial Molal Volume ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Molal Volume ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Dielectric Saturation

Hydration of polymeric ions is investigated by examination of salting-out behaviour in relation to dielectric saturation effects and to the significance of partial molal volumes of polysalts. The validity of previous distribution theories of salting-out is examined and limitations are shown to arise from an unjustified expansion of an exponential distribution factor, and neglect of solvent dielectric saturation effects in the primary solvation shell of the ion where, relatively, the maximum salting-out effect is developed. A new theory is proposed, as a basis for extension to the case of polyions, in which the calculation of the salting-out behaviour is carried out over two regions: ( a ) in the primary hydration shell where a high degree of solvent dielectric saturation prevails and the exponential distribution function must be retained, and ( b ) beyond the primary region where weaker polarization occurs and Kirkwood’s theory of dielectrics can be applied. Comparison of the predictions of various forms of the salting-out equation with experimental data is made. Comparative calculations of the variation of solvent dielectric constant with distance from ions of various geometries have been carried out. The cases examined are those for simple spherical ions, linear polyions and planar colloidal ions having various charge densities. The dependence of solvent dielectric constant on distance from the ions enables a semi-empirical primary hydration radius r d to be evaluated. Values of r d for various simple and polymeric ions are examined in relation to salting-out by polyions and their corresponding monomers and in relation to hydration radii deduced by other methods. In the case of the polyions and planar ions, the extent to which increasing charge density causes increased dielectric saturation can be evaluated. Experimental studies on hydration of polyions and corresponding monomer salts have been carried out by examination of the salting-out of selected non-electrolytes by the polysalts, and by partial molal volume measurements. The effect of variation of the degree of neutralization or charge density has been examined; in general, it is found that the salting-out and partial molal volume behaviour varies with degree of ionization in the expected manner but differs from the corresponding behaviour of the monomer salts owing to stronger electrostriction effects due to condensation of the ionic charge into a chain configuration. The results are examined in relation to the dielectric saturation calculations for polyions, and theoretical salting-out equations are developed for the polyion case, and applied to the present experimental results. The partial molal volume data for the same materials lead to complementary information on the effective hydration radius and solvation numbers of the polysalts.

Forms, Importance, and Ineffability of Factor Interactions to Define Personality Disorders: Comment on Lilienfeld et al. (2019)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D Benning ◽  
Edward Smith
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Linear Threshold ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Criterion Variables

The emergent interpersonal syndrome (EIS) approach conceptualizes personality disorders as the interaction among their constituent traits to predict important criterion variables. We detail the difficulties we have experienced finding such interactive predictors in our empirical work on psychopathy, even when using uncorrelated traits that maximize power. Rather than explaining a large absolute proportion of variance in interpersonal outcomes, EIS interactions might explain small amounts of variance relative to the main effects of each trait. Indeed, these interactions may necessitate samples of almost 1,000 observations for 80% power and a false positive rate of .05. EIS models must describe which specific traits’ interactions constitute a particular EIS, as effect sizes appear to diminish as higher-order trait interactions are analyzed. Considering whether EIS interactions are ordinal with non-crossing slopes, disordinal with crossing slopes, or entail non-linear threshold or saturation effects may help researchers design studies, sampling strategies, and analyses to model their expected effects efficiently.

Data on saturation effects in the saver dipoles

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ohnuma
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Effects

Strong field saturation effects in laser media

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Close
Keyword(s):  
Strong Field ◽  
Laser Media ◽  
Saturation Effects

scholarly journals A comparison study of sodium ion- and potassium ion-modified graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (26) ◽  
pp. 15701-15709
Author(s):  
Siyu Hu ◽  
Anchi Yu ◽  
Rong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Optical And Electronic Properties ◽  
Ion Size

The ion size effect on graphitic carbon nitride is responsible for variations in its structure, optical and electronic properties, and hence the enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

A Novel Approach for Evaluating Gas Saturation Effects on the Phase Reversal Characteristics of Seismic AVO Responses From Strongly Attenuating Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Yan-Xiao He ◽  
Gang He ◽  
Wentao He ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Reversal ◽  
Gas Saturation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Saturation Effects

Ion Size Dependences of the Salting-Out Effect: Reversed Order of Sodium and Lithium Ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Katsuto ◽  
Ryuichi Okamoto ◽  
Tomonari Sumi ◽  
Kenichiro Koga
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Ion Size ◽  
Reversed Order
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