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2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Javad Bagherzadeh ◽  
Aporva Amarnath ◽  
Jielun Tan ◽  
Subhankar Pal ◽  
Ronald G. Dreslinski

Monolithic 3D technology is emerging as a promising solution that can bring massive opportunities, but the gains can be hindered due to the reliability issues exaggerated by high temperature. Conventional reliability solutions focus on one specific feature and assume that the other required features would be provided by different solutions. Hence, this assumption has resulted in solutions that are proposed in isolation of each other and fail to consider the overall compatibility and the implied overheads of multiple isolated solutions for one system. This article proposes a holistic reliability management engine, R2D3, for post-Moore’s M3D parallel systems that have low yield and high failure rate. The proposed engine, comprising a controller, reconfigurable crossbars, and detection circuitry, provides concurrent single-replay detection and diagnosis, fault-mitigating repair, and aging-aware lifetime management at runtime. This holistic view enables us to create a solution that is highly effective while achieving a low overhead. Our solution achieves 96% coverage of defect; reduces V th degradation by 53%, leading to a 78% performance improvement on average over 8 years for an eight-core system; and ultimately yields a 2.16× longer mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) while incurring an overhead of 7.4% in area, 6.5% in power, and an 8.2% decrease in frequency.


Author(s):  
Prof. Sachin N. Patil

Abstract: When minutes of down-time can negatively impact the bottom line of a business, it is crucial that the physical infrastructure supporting be reliable. The equipment reliability can be achieved with a solid understanding of mean time between failures. Mean time between failures (MTBF) has been used for years as a basis for various maintenance decisions supported by various methods and procedures for lifecycle predictions. To quantifying a maintainable system or reliability we can use MTBF. For developing the mean time between failures model we can use make use of Poisson distribution, Weibull model and Bayesian model. In this paper we will be talking about complexities and misconceptions of MTBF and clarify criteria that need to be consider in estimating MTBF in a sequential manner. This paper sheds light on MTBF using examples throughout in an effort to simplify complexity. Keywords: MTBF, Two Tandem Mill, Sugar Mill, Reliability, Maintenance


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Gendre ◽  
Holly Jones ◽  
Alison McHugh ◽  
Justin Hintze ◽  
Fiachra Martin ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: Facial nerve resection is often required in lateral temporal bone resection for tumors extending to the lateral skull base. Limited data exists to guide facial nerve reanimation strategies. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients undergoing lateral temporal bone resection in a national referral center were included and divided into two groups: facial nerve preservation or resection. Survival and locoregional recurrence outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate analysis. Facial nerve reconstructive methods were collected.Results: 39 patients were included with 20 having facial nerve resection at surgery. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common pathology. 48% of patients died during follow-up. Mean overall survival (OS) was 27 months and mean time to locoregional recurrence (LRR) 23 months in the facial nerve preservation group. Mean OS was 16 months and mean time to LRR was 13 months in the facial nerve resection groups (logrank OS p=0.330 and LRR p=0.445). 75% of patients in the facial nerve resection group had static facial nerve reanimation using tarsorrhaphy, gold-weight eyelid implant and fascia lata sling. Middle ear cavity extension was a negative predictor of OS and LRR.Conclusion: Facial nerve resection during lateral temporal bone surgery is associated with poor overall survival and locoregional control outcomes. Multidisciplinary surgical management and static facial reanimation should be offered to maintain function and quality of life in this group of patients.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Obaid Almashaykhi ◽  
Dr. Randa Consultant M. Nooh ◽  
Dr. Sami Said Almudarra ◽  
Abdulaziz Saad ALMutari ◽  
Naif Saud ALBudayri ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Annually, in the month of Dhul hijjah, over 2 million Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj. Hajj is the biggest mass gathering globally, which creates a significant influence on Hajjes' health. The Omani medical mission is the official delegation from the Omani government to Saudi Arabia to serve the Omani hajjees regarding their health issues. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the referral rate and pattern of diseases among hajjees referred by the Omani medical mission during Hajj 1440 H. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Omani Medical missions in Makkah, Madinah, Mina, and Arafat. Data was collected via a predesigned form. All Omani pilgrims presenting to the mission who were referred to local hospitals were included. RESULTS The total number of cases was 5000, of which 106 (2.1%) were referred to local hospitals (21.2 per 1000 hajjees). The most common causes of referral were cardiovascular diseases (23.6%), followed by gastrointestinal disease (17.9%) and trauma (16.9%). Males comprised 60.1%. Their mean age was 47.3 years (SD ±11.27), with the highest referrals in the 51-60 years age group (30%). Over half (55.7%) had co-morbidities. Patients' mean time to reach the clinic was 8.87 min (SD ±6.41), with 65% arriving in 5 min or less. The mean time needed to reach the hospital by ambulance was 11.39 min (SD ±6.6), with 36% arriving within 5 min. Of the referrals, 42% were admitted into hospital. Hospitalization was significantly higher among patients with chest pain (P-value < 0.0057), diabetics (P-value < 0.0001), and patients with Heart Disease (P-value = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The most common causes for referral of Hajjees from the Omani Medical Mission were cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disease, and trauma. This information should assist the Omani government in planning their medical services in hajj season in future years.


Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Black ◽  
Gus M. Lorenz ◽  
Aaron J. Cato ◽  
Nick R. Bateman ◽  
Nicholas J. Seiter

Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is a naturally occurring virus commercially produced for control of Heliothines, including Helicoverpa zea. One drawback with using this virus for control has been the slower time to mortality compared with synthetic insecticides. However, a new formulation (Heligen®) has anecdotally been thought to result in quicker mortality than previously observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate percent defoliation, the efficacy of HearNPV on mortality for each H. zea larval instar, and the potential for control of a second infestation. Fourteen days after the first infestation, all plants were re-infested with a second instar larva to simulate a second infestation. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus was effective at killing 1st–3rd instars, resulting in 99% mortality over 4–6 days. However, 4th and 5th instar mortality only reached 35%. Second infestation larvae died between 3.4 and 3.8 days, significantly faster than the 1st infestation of 2nd instars, which had a mean time to mortality of 4.9 days. An increase in mortality rate is probably due to increasing viral concentrations after viral replication within the first hosts. Final defoliation percentages were significantly smaller in the treated plants versus the untreated plants. Only 3rd and 4th instar larvae caused percent defoliation to exceed the current Arkansas action threshold of 40%. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in the Heligen formulation can control 1st–3rd instars within 4–6 days, while keeping defoliation below the action threshold of 40%.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Tokio Kinoshita ◽  
Yukihide Nishimura ◽  
Yasunori Umemoto ◽  
Yasuhisa Fujita ◽  
Ken Kouda ◽  
...  

This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the rehabilitation effect of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the intensive care unit (ICU) under mechanical ventilation and included ICU patients from a university hospital who received rehabilitation under ventilator control until 31 May 2021. Seven patients were included, and three of them died; thus, the results of the four survivors were examined. The rehabilitation program comprised the extremity range-of-motion training and sitting on the bed’s edge. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (median (25–75th percentiles)) at admission was 7.5 (5.75–8.5), and the activities of daily living (ADLs) were bedridden, the lowest in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Barthel Index (BI) surveys. Data on the mean time to extubation, ICU length of stay, and ADLs improvement (FIM and BI) during ICU admission were obtained. Inferential analyses were not performed considering the small sample size. The mean time to extubation was 4.9 ± 1.1 days, and the ICU length of stay was 11.8 ± 5.0 days. ΔFIM was 36.5 (28.0–40.5), and the ΔBI was 22.5 (3.75–40.0). Moreover, no serious adverse events occurred in the patients during rehabilitation. Early mobilization of patients with COVID-19 may be useful in ADLs improvement during ICU stay.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Nouri ◽  
Hassan Makhlouf ◽  
Mahmoud Ben Maitigue ◽  
Lassaad Hassini ◽  
Ahmed Msekni ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to assess the oncologic outcome of pelvic bone sarcomas (PBS) and to identify prognosis factors.Methods: We report a multicentric cohort of patients treated for a PBS from 2000 to 2020. Data from 12 hospitals were analysed. Patients treated for primary PBS were included. Alive patients with less than 6 months of follow up were excluded. The primary outcome was survival.Results: One hundred and fourteen patients (67 males and 48 females) were reviewed with a mean follow up of 32±46,5 (1 to 216) months. The mean patient and doctor diagnosis delays were respectively 8,5±10,2 (1 to 60) and 3±4,3 (0 to 24) months. Sixty-eight patients (59,6%) died after a mean time from diagnosis of 15,9±22,8 (1 to 120) months. The overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were respectively 38,4% and 27,6%. Chondrosarcoma histological type (HR=3,64), metastasis (HR=3,55) and surgery (HR=0,12) were identified as significant survival factors. Surgery was also associated to a decreased risk of metastasis (OR=0,03, 95% CI: 0,01 – 0,1). Among the 76 patients (66,7%) who underwent surgery, local recurrence was observed in 19 patients (25%) with a mean time from surgery to onset of 11,05 (±17,5) months. Conclusions: This nation-wide20-year-cohort study shows that surgery is the most effective treatment option in PBS regardless the histological type of the tumour. Efforts have to be done to decrease the diagnosis delay in order to start treatment when surgery is still feasible.


2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Ding ◽  
Haicheng Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Jia ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Weijie Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the incidence, occurrence timing and locations of preoperative DVT and identify the associated factors in this group. Methods A retrospective analysis of collected data in young and middle-aged (18–59 years) patients who presented with hip fracture between October 2015 and December 2018 was conducted. Before operation, patients were routinely examined for DVT by Duplex ultrasonography (DUS). Electronic medical records were retrieved to collect the data, involving demographics, comorbidities, injury and laboratory biomarkers after admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors that were independently associated with DVT. Results Eight hundred and fifty-seven patients were included, and 51 (6.0%) were diagnosed with preoperative DVT, with 2.5% for proximal DVT. The average age of patients with DVT is 48.7 ± 9.4 year, while that of patients without DVT is 45.0 ± 10.9 year. The mean time from injury to diagnosis of DVT was 6.8 ± 5.5 days, 43.1% cases occurring at day 2–4 after injury. Among 51 patients with DVT, 97 thrombi were found. Most patients had thrombi at injured extremity (72.5%), 19.6% at uninjured and 7.8% at bilateral extremities. There are significantly difference between patients with DVT and patients without DVT in term of prevalence of total protein (41.2% vs 24.4%, P = 0.008), albumin (54.9% vs 25.6%, P = 0.001), low lactate dehydrogenase (51.0% vs 30.3%, P = 0.002), lower serum sodium concentration (60.8% vs 29.9%, P = 0.001), lower RBC count (68.6% vs 37.0%, P = 0.001), lower HGB (51.0% vs 35.1%, P = 0.022), higher HCT (86.3% vs 35.1%, P = 0.022) and higher platelet count (37.3% vs 11.3%, P = 0.001). The multivariate analyses showed increasing age in year (OR 1.04, 95% CI; P = 0.020), delay to DUS (OR, 1.26; P = 0.001), abnormal LDH (OR, 1.45; P = 0.026), lower serum sodium concentration (OR, 2.56; P = 0.007), and higher HCT level (OR, 4.11; P = 0.003) were independently associated with DVT. Conclusion These findings could be beneficial in informed preventive of DVT and optimized management of hip fracture in specific group of young and mid-aged patients.


2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Barbani ◽  
Giulia Lalinga ◽  
Lia Bardasi ◽  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
Dino Miraglia ◽  
...  

The interest in certified game meat chains highlights the need for the evaluation and the management of factors affecting carcass hygiene along the peculiar steps of the production. The effects of time and temperature before chilling were specifically evaluated on aerobic colony count and Enterobacteriaceae count in hunted wild boar carcasses. Thirty wild boars were considered in two process steps where the hunted animal are still not chilled: after evisceration and just before chilling. Environmental temperature, carcass temperature and the elapse time between the two-step considered were registered. Furthermore, surface microbial loads were analyzed on the inner part of the carcasses. The mean time between the two sampling steps was 6 hours with an average environmental temperature of 20.49°C. A carcass temperature 9.6°C drop was observed during this period. In this lap of time aerobic colony count and Enterobacteriaceae count increased of 0.68 Log CFU/cm2 and 1.01 Log CFU/cm2 respectively, with a moderate correlation with the time but not with the temperature delta. The results reveal that the temperature conditions in central Italy hunting areas were not able to quickly reduce the carcass temperature and therefore the time between carcass evisceration and chilling should not exceed 6 hours.


FACE ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 273250162110722
Author(s):  
Mikhail Pakvasa ◽  
Hannes Prescher ◽  
Bryce Hendren-Santiago ◽  
Tony Da Lomba ◽  
Nicholas McKenzie ◽  
...  

Introduction: Stereolithography, also known as 3D printing (3DP), is a versatile and useful technology with many healthcare applications. While 3DP has gained tremendous popularity, it remains a daunting and perceptibly time-consuming process for the inexperienced user, with most turning to commercially printed products. Commercial vendors are expensive. We propose that 3DP is feasible for the inexperienced user with the appropriate knowledge and tools. Methods: A 3DP protocol was created for model design and printing using open-source software and a low-cost desktop printer. It was betatested by 3 inexperienced users. The fidelity of the protocol was then tested in direct comparison to industry models made for 3 patients undergoing mandibular distraction osteogenesis, using standard cephalometric measurements. Results: All inexperienced testers were able to successfully create a 3D model using the easy-to-follow protocol without the use of any other resources. The models were created in a mean time of 170 minutes. All cephalometric measurements on the open-source printed models were equal to within 0.5 to 1.0 mm of the respective industry models. Conclusions: As the 3DP process is simplified and desktop printers and materials become more affordable, we anticipate that its implementation will become more commonplace. We describe a step-by-step, protocol using open-source software and affordable materials to create 3D models.


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