In this paper, using the combined observations of the NOAA 16, LANL-01A, IMAGE satellites, VLF radio wave, and ground-based riometers, we study the fluctuation of lower ionosphere-associated precipitating energetic electrons during a geomagnetic storm on 8 November 2004. Associated with the substorm dispersion injection observed by the LANL-01A satellite, the riometers observed obvious enhancements of ionospheric absorption within the electron isotropic zone, which they attributed to the tail current sheet scattering (TCS) mechanism. Through observations of the NOAA 16 satellite, we found a sharp enhancement of the precipitating electron flux within the anisotropic zone, which entailed an obvious separation of energetic electron precipitation at high latitudes. This energetic electron precipitation within the anisotropic zone leads to the significant enhancement of electron density in the D region, thus resulting in the variations of VLF radio wave amplitudes, which propagate in the middle latitudes. Since the projection of the electron precipitation region within the anisotropic zone is at the inner edge of the plasmapause observed by the IMAGE EUV, the precipitation of energetic electrons should be attributed to the ELF hiss-ring current electron interaction. As a result, the energetic electron precipitations due to the tail current sheet scattering mechanism and wave-particle interaction in the inner magnetosphere were both observed and analyzed as they were associated with a substorm during a geomagnetic storm.
Heppa III intercomparison experiment on electron precipitation impacts, part II: Model‐measurement intercomparison of nitric oxide (NO) during a geomagnetic storm in April 2010
