Children’s outgroup giving in settings of intergroup conflict: The developmental role of ingroup symbol preference.

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1350-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Taylor ◽  
Jocelyn Dautel ◽  
Edona Maloku ◽  
Ana Tomovska Misoska
2014 ◽  
Vol 388 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Kayukawa ◽  
Mika Murata ◽  
Isao Kobayashi ◽  
Daisuke Muramatsu ◽  
Chieko Okada ◽  
...  

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawamura ◽  
K. Hara ◽  
S. Fujiwara

We have extracted retinoids from the budding tunicate Polyandrocarpa misakiensis and, using HPLC, identified some major peaks as cis-retinal, all-trans-retinal and all-trans-retinoic acid, of which cis-retinal was most abundant (~2 micromolar). In developing buds, the amount of cis-retinal was about one-fifth that of the adult animals. In those buds, aldehyde dehydrogenase, which could metabolize retinal in vitro, was expressed in epithelial cells and then in mesenchymal cells at the proximal extremity, that is, the future developmental field of the bud. Exogenous retinoic acid comparable to the endogenous level could induce an additional field at the distal end of the bud, resulting in a double monster. The induction always accompanied an ectopic expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase. The results of this work suggest that retinoic acid or related molecule(s) act as an endogenous trigger of morphallactic development of Polyandrocarpa buds.


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